Table 5. Intra-class meana) values of exogenous variables of socio-economic situation of countries in European Union, in 2016 (approach I).
| Specification | Variable symbol | Typological class–the level of material deprivation | median | EU 28 | EA19 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I very high | II high | III medium | IV low | V very low | |||||
| Overcrowding rate | x10 | 48.4 | 40.8 | 27.8 | 7.2 | 7.8 | 12.6 | 16.6 | 12.3 |
| Early leavers from education and training (% of population aged 18 to 24) | x11 | 13.8 | 8.1 | 7.6 | 8.8 | 7.7 | 8.0 | 10.7 | 11.1 |
| People living in households with very low work intensity | x12 | 11.9 | 11.6 | 9.1 | 8.4 | 7.6 | 9.1 | 10.5 | 11.1 |
| GDP aggregates per capita | x13 | 9800.0 | 12450.0 | 16900.0 | 22600.0 | 23750.0 | 18300.0 | 20100.0 | 20900.0 |
| Median equivalised net income | x14 | 2448.0 | 5685.5 | 8782.0 | 21713.0 | 26778.5 | 13681.0 | 16529.0 | 18240.0 |
| People at risk of poverty or social exclusion | x15 | 38.8 | 29.3 | 25.1 | 18.4 | 17.5 | 21.9 | 23.5 | 23.1 |
| Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income | x16 | 37.7 | 34.0 | 32.1 | 28.6 | 27.3 | 29.5 | 30.8 | 30.7 |
| At-risk-of-poverty rate by poverty threshold | x17 | 25.3 | 21.5 | 17.3 | 14.7 | 14.5 | 16.5 | 17.3 | 17.4 |
a) The mean values of variable are represented by their medians.
EU28 –current composition of the European Union (28 countries); EA19 –euro area (19 countries).
Source: own calculations based on data from Eurostat [68].