Table 1. Pedigree estimates of mutation rates and male-to-female DNM ratios in mammals.

Species	Common name	Primate lineage	Mean paternal age at conception	Sex-averaged mutation rate per generation, as reported (×10−8)	Point estimate of α, ratio of paternal-to-maternal DNMs	Number of trios	References
P. anubis	Baboon	OWM	10.27	0.57	4.50	12	this study
Homo sapiens	Human	Great ape	34.29	1.23	4.00	10	this study
H. sapiens (Jónsson and colleagues)	Human	Great ape	31.63	1.29a	4.05	225	[17]
Pan troglodytes (Besenbacher and colleagues)b	Chimpanzee	Great ape	19.27	1.26c	4.37	7	[21,22]
P. troglodytes (Tatsumoto and colleagues)	Chimpanzee	Great ape	24	1.48	3.08	1	[23]
Gorilla gorilla	Gorilla	Great ape	13.5	1.13c	2.00	2	[22]
Pongo abelii	Orangutan	Great ape	31	1.66	4.13	1	[22]
Macaca mulatta	Macaque	OWM	7.5	0.58	3.21	14	[24]
Aotus nancymaae	Owl Monkey	NWM	5.55	0.81	2.09	14	[25]
Mus musculus	Mouse		0.44	0.39	2.76	40	[4]
Bos taurus	Cattle		5d	1.2	2.53	13	[2,26,27]

Compilation of results from pedigree studies in mammalian species that measured sex-specific mutation rates.

^aIncludes single base pair indels.

^bIncludes the reanalysis of a pedigree from Venn and colleagues [21].

^cMean of reported rates per individual.

^dTypical age at reproduction drawn from literature. All other ages are as reported in the relevant study.

DNM, de novo mutation; NWM, New World monkey; OWM, Old World monkey.