Ovarian endometriosis is one of the leading causes of female infertility and is a known risk factor for the development of ovarian cancer.

The review summarizes data in current literature evidence about ovarian endometriosis, its pathogenesis, associated and probable biomarkers, cases of malignant transformation, principles of diagnosis and treatment.

Despite intensive research of endometriosis even at the molecular level, its origin, natural history, malignant transformation, and laboratory management are not yet clearly investigated.

Early laboratory diagnoses of endometriosis, its atypical form, and possibility of transformation to endometriosis-associated ovarian cancers are important problems that require further study.