Table 1.

Study selection criteria for inclusion in the network meta-analysis

Characteristic	Inclusion criteria
Population	Adult patients (≥ 18 years of age) meeting the ACR classification criteria for moderate-to-severe RA and had an inadequate response or were intolerant to at least one csDMARD. Trials reporting a small proportion of patients with prior use of bDMARDs (≤ 20%) were included
Interventions or comparators	csDMARD
	Baricitinib oral 2 mg once daily
	Baricitinib oral 4 mg once daily
	Baricitinib oral 2 mg once daily + csDMARD
	Baricitinib oral 4 mg once daily + csDMARD
	Tofacitinib oral 5 mg twice daily
	Tofacitinib oral 5 mg twice daily + csDMARD
	Upadacitinib 15 mg once daily
	Upadacitinib 15 mg once daily + csDMARD
Outcomes	ACR 20/50/70 response rate at 12 weeks (12–14 weeks) or 24 weeks (24–26 weeks)
	Clinical remission (DAS28-CRP < 2.6) response rates at 12 weeks (12–14 weeks) or 24 weeks (24–26 weeks)
Study design	Phase III randomized controlled trial

ACR American College of Rheumatology, bDMARD biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug, csDMARD conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug, DAS28-CRP disease activity scored based on 28 joints and C-reactive protein, RA rheumatoid arthritis