Table 2.

Mean total and PPPM pharmacy, outpatient, and inpatient costs (US$)

Mean healthcare costs	All			Switchb			No switchb
	Apremilast	Biologics	P value	Apremilast	Biologics	P value	Apremilast	Biologics	P value
6 months	n = 170	n = 327		n = 13	n = 43		n = 157	n = 284
Total outpatient pharmacy	$11,666	$17,887	< 0.0001	$14,838	$22,305	0.0133	$11,403	$17,218	< 0.0001
Total inpatient	$459	$296	0.74	$0	$0	1.0000	$497	$341	0.83
Total outpatienta	$3101	$4578	0.0175	$3896	$7690	0.13	$3036	$4107	0.08
PPPM pharmacy	$1938	$2971	< 0.0001	$2465	$3705	0.0133	$1894	$2860	< 0.0001
PPPM inpatient	$76	$49	0.74	$0	$0	1.0000	$83	$57	0.83
PPPM outpatienta	$515	$760	0.0175	$647	$1277	0.13	$504	$682	0.08
12 months	n = 170	n = 327		n = 30	n = 82		n = 140	n = 245
Total outpatient pharmacy	$21,048	$31,324	< 0.0001	$33,060	$37,749	0.07	$18,473	$29,174	< 0.0001
Total inpatient	$1305	$836	0.82	$0	$1147	0.17	$1584	$731	0.76
Total outpatienta	$6071	$9018	0.13	$6743	$12,621	0.07	$5926	$7812	0.67
PPPM outpatient pharmacy	$1753	$2609	< 0.0001	$2753	$3144	0.07	$1539	$2430	< 0.0001
PPPM inpatient	$109	$70	0.82	$0	$96	0.17	$132	$61	0.76
PPPM outpatienta	$506	$751	0.13	$562	$1051	0.07	$494	$651	0.67
18 months	n = 119	n = 208		n = 29	n = 61		n = 90	n = 147
Total outpatient pharmacy	$30,756	$41,156	0.0001	$45,934	$50,997	0.30	$25,865	$37,072	0.0003
Total inpatient	$2864	$1970	0.07	$4341	$3239	0.53	$2388	$1443	0.09
Total outpatienta	$8449	$14,062	0.08	$10,650	$18,183	0.17	$7740	$12,352	0.32
PPPM outpatient pharmacy	$1706	$2283	0.0001	$2548	$2829	0.30	$1435	$2057	0.0003
PPPM inpatient	$159	$109	0.07	$241	$180	0.53	$132	$80	0.09
PPPM outpatienta	$469	$780	0.08	$591	$1009	0.17	$429	$685	0.32

PPPM per patient per month

^aOutpatient costs include office visits, emergency department visits, laboratory testing, diagnostics, and infusions

^bPatients who switched by 6 months are included in the switch group at 6, 12, and 18 months; those who switched by 12 months are included in the switched group at 12 and 18 months; and those who switched by 18 months are included in the switch group at 18 months. At each time point, patients in the switch group are excluded from the no switch group