Table 3.
Determinants of hypertension by sex among rural Ekhlaspur, Bangladesh (n=2600)
| Characteristic | Total (n=2600) | Women (n=1395) | Men (n=1205) | |||
| Crude PR (95% CI) | Adjusted PR (95% CI) | Crude PR (95% CI) | Adjusted PR (95% CI) | Crude PR (95% CI) | Adjusted PR (95% CI) | |
| Sex | ||||||
| Men | Ref. | Ref. | – | – | – | – |
| Women | 2.0 (1.5 to 2.7) | 2.2 (1.6 to 3.0) | – | – | – | – |
| Age (years) | ||||||
| Less than 55 years | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| 55 years and above | 4.9 (3.7 to 6.6) | 5.0 (3.3 to 7.6) | 4.5 (3.2 to 6.4) | 3.8 (2.3 to 6.2) | 6.8 (3.8 to 12.1) | 6.8 (3.2 to 14.2) |
| Educational status | ||||||
| No education | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Primary education | 0.9 (0.6 to 1.3) | 1.4 (0.9 to 1.9) | 0.9 (0.6 to 1.3) | 1.4 (0.9 to 2.0) | 0.8 (0.3 to 1.8) | 1.1 (0.5 to 2.4) |
| Secondary education | 0.6 (0.4 to 0.8) | 1.2 (0.8 to 1.9) | 0.4 (0.2 to 0.6) | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.5) | 1.4 (0.7 to 2.8) | 1.9 (0.9 to 3.8) |
| Above secondary education | 0.7 (0.4 to 1.2) | 2.4 (1.4 to 4.0) | 0.2 (0.0 to 0.7) | 0.6 (0.1 to 2.4) | 2.2 (1.1 to 4.5) | 3.8 (1.8 to 8.2) |
| Ever tobacco use* | ||||||
| Never | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Currently or in the past | 2.3 (1.7 to 3.2) | 1.3 (0.9 to 2.0) | 3.0 (2.1 to 4.2) | 1.3 (0.79 to 2.0) | 2.3 (1.2 to 4.1) | 1.0 (0.5 to 2.2) |
| Body mass index†† | ||||||
| Underweight (≤18.5) | 2.3 (1.5 to 3.4) | 1.7 (1.1 to 2.5) | 1.9 (1.2 to 3.0) | 1.6 (1.1 to 2.5) | 1.9 (0.7 to 5.2) | 1.9 (0.7 to 5.2) |
| Normal (18.6–25) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Overweight (25.1–30) | 3.0 (2.1 to 4.3) | 2.5 (1.8 to 3.6) | 2.3 (1.5 to 3.5) | 2.3 (1.5 to 3.5) | 4.3 (2.2 to 8.1) | 2.8 (1.6 to 5.2) |
| Obese (>30) | 7.9 (5.0 to 12.5) | 7.6 (4.2 to 13.8) | 4.6 (2.4 to 8.6) | 4.9 (2.4 to 10.0) | 19.0 (10.4 to 34.9) | 15.8 (5.5 to 45.4) |
| Blood sugar level | ||||||
| Normal | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Hyperglycaemic‡‡ | 5.9 (4.1 to 8.5) | 2.7 (1.8 to 4.3) | 4.1 (2.6 to 6.5) | 2.5 (1.4 to 4.4) | 10.9 (6.2 to 19.3) | 3.8 (2.0 to 7.0) |
*Ever tobacco use includes ever smokeless or smoking tobacco use.
†Body mass index was calculated by weight in kilogram divided by height in metre squared and included in the model as a continuous variable.
‡Hyperglycaemia was defined as a random capillary blood glucose level greater than or equal to 11.1 mmol/L or self-reported diabetes medication use.
PR, prevalence ratio.