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Calculated energy landscapes of the donor side group rotational angle in the QC form (orange) and the TS (blue). (a) Para-substituted group. (b) For the ortho-substituted, the QC landscape is drastically affected, but not in the transition state landscape. The minimum energy in the landscape of the QC is indicated by the black arrow. Adapted with permission from ref (2). Copyright 2018 Wiley-VCH.
