Table 1.

recommendations for COVID-19 stakeholders

Stakeholder	Suggested Activity
National Government	Mass orientation on immune enhancement as a way of combating COVID-19
Researchers	Vaccine development using the immunogenic peptides of SARS-CoV-2 conserved regions
	Develop vaccines and antivirals for domesticated animals
	Extensive serological survey for post-COVID-19 patients.
	Investigate the role of Natural Killer cells in combating COVID-19
	More studies on the zoonotic transmission of SARS-CoV-2
	HLA profiling for testing genetic susceptibility
	Develop cheap kits for the mass testing of the immune status of individuals.
	Track SARS-CoV-2 genome mutations.
	Discovery of SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors from natural products
	Investigate the safety and therapeutic potential of Madagascar’s COVID-19 herbal drink
Clinicians	Early determination of case severity through the Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio
	Admin. of safe antioxidant beverages to reduce hospitalization time
	Admin. of CQ or HCQ to patients due to their antiviral and immunomodulatory properties
Non-Infected citizens	Aggressive antioxidation through fruits and vegetables
	Reduce consumption of refined sugar
	Reduce exposure to tobacco smoke and air pollution
	Reduce consumption of alcohol
	Regular physical exercises
	Determine immune status through test kits
COVID-19 survivors	Assist as volunteers in hospitals and isolation centers