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. 2020 Jun 19;37(8):1949–1957. doi: 10.1007/s10815-020-01857-9

Table 1.

Main characteristics of included studies in the meta-analysis

Study Country Cohort design Duration Population Definition of immediate/delayed transfer Sample size (cycle) Age (years) Ovarian stimulation protocol Trigger agent Endometrial preparation Embryo stage Outcomes
[13] France Retrospective, single-center 2012–2015 Women undergoing first FET after a freeze-all cycle Within the first menstrual cycle/after one or more menstrual cycles following oocyte retrieval (cycle 1/≥ 2) 474 Mean, immediate, 33.7; delayed, 33.9 GnRH antagonist, long agonist or short agonist GnRH agonist or hCG Artificial cycle Blastocyst CPR, LBR, PLR
[14] China Retrospective, single-center 2014–2017 Women undergoing first FET after a freeze-all cycle Cycle 1/≥ 2 4404 Mean, immediate, 31.6; delayed, 31.9 GnRH antagonist or long agonist hCG Artificial or natural cycle Cleavage, morula or blastocyst CPR, LBR, PLR
[15] Australia Retrospective, multi-center 2000–2014 Women undergoing first FET after a failed fresh ET or a freeze-all cycle 25–35/50–70 days from embryo cryopreservation to FET 4994 Median, immediate, 36.0; delayed, 35.5 GnRH antagonist, long agonist or short agonist hCG Artificial or natural cycle - CPR, LBR, PLR
[16] Israel Retrospective, single-center 2009–2016 Women undergoing first FET after a failed fresh ET ≤ 22/> 22 days from oocyte retrieval to the start of FET cycle 198 Mean, immediate, 32.8; delayed, 34.1 GnRH antagonist, long agonist or short agonist hCG Natural or modified natural cycle Cleavage or blastocyst CPR, LBR
[17] China Retrospective, single-center 2013–2016 Women undergoing first FET after a freeze-all cycle Cycle 1/≥ 2 2998 Mean, immediate, 30.6; delayed, 30.9 Short agonist or progestin-primed ovarian stimulation GnRH agonist, hCG or both Artificial or modified natural cycle Cleavage or blastocyst CPR, LBR, PLR
[18] USA Retrospective, single-center 2013–2016 Women undergoing first FET after a failed fresh ET or a freeze-all cycle Cycle 1/≥ 2 344 Mean, immediate, 33.7; delayed, 33.5 GnRH antagonist or long agonist GnRH agonist, hCG or both Artificial or natural cycle Blastocyst CPR, LBR, PLR
[19] Spain Retrospective, single-center 2012–2014 Women undergoing first FET after a freeze-all cycle Cycle 1/≥ 2 512 Mean, immediate; 34.7; delayed, 35.3 GnRH antagonist or long agonist GnRH agonist or hCG Artificial cycle Cleavage or morula CPR, LBR, PLR
[20] Turkey Retrospective, single-center 2015–2016 Women undergoing first FET after a freeze-all cycle 32–46/≥47 days from oocyte retrieval to FET 1121 ≤ 42 GnRH antagonist GnRH agonist, hCG or both Artificial cycle Blastocyst LBR
[21] Belgium Retrospective, single-center 2010–2014 Women undergoing first FET after a failed fresh ET ≤ 22/> 22 days from oocyte retrieval to the start of FET cycle 1183 Mean, immediate, 32.4; delayed, 32.5 GnRH antagonist hCG Artificial, natural or modified natural cycle Cleavage or blastocyst CPR, LBR
[22]

Belgium/

Vietnam

Retrospective, two-center 2010–2015 Women undergoing first FET after a freeze-all cycle Cycle 1/≥ 2 333 Mean, immediate, 30.9; delayed, 31.8 GnRH antagonist GnRH agonist Artificial cycle Cleavage or blastocyst CPR, PLR
[23] China Retrospective, single-center 2016–2018 Women undergoing first FET after a freeze-all cycle Cycle 1/≥ 2 1540 Mean, immediate, 31.4; delayed, 31.0 GnRH antagonist, long agonist, ultra-long agonist, short agonist, ultra-short agonist or mild stimulation GnRH agonist or hCG Artificial, natural or stimulated cycle Cleavage CPR, LBR, PLR
[24] Israel Retrospective, single-center 2010–2015 Women undergoing first FET after a failed fresh ET < 50/≥ 50 days from oocyte retrieval to FET 129 Mean, immediate, 29.9; delayed, 29.6 Long agonist hCG Artificial cycle Cleavage or blastocyst CPR, LBR, PLR

CPR, clinical pregnancy rate; ET, embryo transfer; FET, frozen embryo transfer; GnRH, gonadotropin-releasing hormone; hCG, human chorionic gonadotropin; LBR, live birth rate; PLR, pregnancy loss rate