Table 2. Concentration of organic acids (mainly SCFAs) determined by an ion-exclusion High Performance Liquid Chromatography in cecal feces of Japanese rock ptarmigans.

Metaborite	SWA	CA	CC
Succinic acid	5.96 × 101 ± 1.10 × 10−1 a)	6.28 × 10−1 ± 1.42 × 10−1 b)	2.73 × 100 ± 1.25 × 100 a)
Lactic acid	0.00 × 100 ± 0.00 × 100 a)	0.00 × 100 ± 0.00 × 100 a)	1.54 × 100 ± 2.17 × 100 a)
Acetic acid	1.94 × 101 ± 4.13 × 100 a)	1.18 × 101 ± 5.81 × 100 a)	1.65 × 101 ± 8.83 × 10−1 a)
Propionic acid	4.76 × 100 ± 1.39 × 100 a)	9.19 × 10−1 ± 4.10 × 10−1 a)	5.77 × 10−1 ± 3.87 × 10−1 b)
Butyric acid	9.17 × 10−1 ± 3.64 × 10−1 a, b)	1.41 × 100 ± 1.02 × 100 a)	2.81 × 100 ± 2.29 × 10−1 b)

Values (means with standard deviations) are expressed as mmol/kg digesta. SWA, CA, and CC mean semi-wild adult individuals, captive adult individuals, and captive chicks of Japanese rock ptarmigans, respectively. a, b) Means with different superscripts differ significantly at P<0.05. See details in the text.