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. 2020 Jun 8;82(8):1097–1103. doi: 10.1292/jvms.19-0621

Table 2. Biochemical findings (mean ± SE, variance, mean and confidence interval) of control camels and camels with rumenal and reticular foreign bodies.

Parameter Mean ± SE Variance Means 95% confidence interval




Control (n=10) Diseased (n=20) F Sig. P value Mean difference Std. error Lower Upper
Sodium (NA) (mEq/l) 156.5 ± 2.9 137.80 ± 3.63 5.62 0.049 0.000 136.80 4.12 127.04 146.55
Potassium (K) (mEq/l) 3.8 ± 0.3 2.84 ± 0.31 5.98 0.044 0.000 −151.66 0.35 −152.50 −150.81
Calcium (CA) (mg/dl) 8.4 ± 0.7 9.12 ± 0.17 3.87 0.090 0.000 5.32 0.20 4.84 5.79
Phosphorus (PH) (mg/dl) 2.7 ± 0.4 6.81 ± 1.89 5.20 0.057 0.484 -1.58 2.14 −6.65 3.48
Chloride (Cl) (mEq/l) 5,089.00 ± 168.82 4,748.00 ± 277.50 8.03 0.025 0.314 −341.00 314.66 −1,085.06 403.06
Zinc (Zn) (ppm) 11.91 ± 83 10.96 ± 0.65 10.12 0.015 0.242 −0.94 0.73 −2.69 0.80
Copper (Cu) (ppm) 11.90 ± 0.57 12.54 ± 1.50 9.72 0.017 0.718 0.64 1.70 −3.38 4.66
Iron (Fe) (ppm) 141.10 ± 6.83 92.89 ± 5.49 3.17 0.118 0.000 −48.20 6.23 −62.95 −33.46
Cobalt (Co) (ppm) 300 ± 17.13 242.78 ± 20.27 11.42 0.012 0.042 −57.21 22.99 −111.58 −2.84
Manganese (MN) (ppm) 3.81 ± 0.08 3.57 ± 0.13 11.28 0.012 0.158 −0.23 0.14 −0.58 0.11
Selenium (Se) (ppm) 119.90±.63 91.70 ± 1.27 7.12 0.032 0.000 −28.19 1.44 −31.62 −24.76
Magnesium (Mg) (mg/dl) 0.25 ± 0.03 2.22 ± 0.05 12.08 0.010 0.000 1.97 0.06 1.81 2.12
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (mg/dl) 18 ± 10.1 28.20 ± 7.10 56.14 0.000 0.246 10.20 8.06 −8.86 29.26
Creatinine (CR) (mg/dl) 0.96 ± 1.30 1.96 ± 0.47 34.66 0.001 0.106 1.00 0.53 −0.27 2.27
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (IU/l) 68.00 ± 44 214.00 ± 59.66 53.28 0.000 0.068 146.00 67.65 −13.98 305.98
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (IU/l) 17.00 ± 0.70 23.00 ± 4.59 4.95 0.061 0.287 6.00 5.20 −6.31 18.31
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (IU/l) 7 ± 3 53.00 ± 13.61 15.16 0.006 0.021 46.00 15.43 9.50 82.49
Creatine kinase (CK) (IU/l) 138.00 ± 22 312.80 ± 97.17 22.63 0.002 0.157 174.80 110.19 −85.76 435.36
Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) (Ul) 13.00 ± 5.0 22.60 ± 8.24 7.68 0.028 0.339 9.60 9.35 −12.51 31.71
Total Bilirubin (TBIL) mg/dl 0.40 ± 0.07 0.40 ± 0.03 2.07 0.193 1.000 0.00 0.03 −0.08 0.08
Albumin (ALB) (g/dl) 4.30 ± 0.4 4.62 ± 0.34 4.50 0.071 0.445 0.320 0.39 −0.61 1.25
Total proteins (TP) (g/dl) 7.4 ± 0.4 6.78 ± 0.58 4.31 0.077 0.379 −0.62 0.66 −2.18 0.94
Globulin (GLOB) (g/dl) 3.8 ± 0.5 2.40 ± 0.51 40.93 0.000 0.049 −1.40 0.58 −2.79 −0.00
Glucose (GLU) mg/dl 62.00 ± 19.3 232.40 ± 24.47 6.55 0.038 0.000 170.40 27.75 104.76 236.03

P value <0.05 were considered significant.