Table 6. Cryptosporidium prevalence and species identification in reptiles and wild animals, Japan.
| Cosmo4877 host | Region | Age range | No. tested | No. positive (%) | No. of species | Cryptosporidium genotypes and subtypes/remarks | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Banded Mongoose Mungos mungo |
Osaka | NS | Molecular study | 1 | 1 | New genotype, closely related to that of
bears. Mungos mungo was brought from Tanzania to the Osaka Municipal Tennoji Zoological Gardens |
Abe et al., 2004 [8] |
| Snakes | Different regions | NS | 469 | 57 (12.1) | 1 | C. snake genotype W11 | Kuroki et al. 2008 [86] |
| Hedgehog | Examined at Banquet animal Hospital, Tokyo | NS | 1 | 1 | 1 | C. horse genotype (VIbA13) | Abe and Matsubara 2015 [5] |
| Snakes | 2 | 2 | 2 | C. varanii; C. serpentis snake genotype | |||
| Lizards | 5 | 5 | 2 | C. varanii; C. serpentis lizard genotype | |||
| Spiny-tailed lizards | Tokyo Saitama |
NS | Case study | 2 | 1 | C. avium (novel variant) | Kubota et al., 2020 [84] |
| Sika deer | Hokkaido Hidaka, Ishikari, Nemuro | Fawns, yearlings and adults | 319 | 25 (7.8) | 1 | C. deer genotype | Kato et al. 2016 [73] |
| Nine prefectures | NS | 271 | 18 (6.6) | 4 | C. ryanae, C. bovis, C. sp. deer genotype; C. meleagridis | Yamazaki et al., 2018 [177] | |
| Hokkaido Tokachi | 1−≤5 yr or Unknown | 137 | 13 (7.5) | 1 | C. deer genotype | Shirozu et al., 2020 [147] | |
| Raccoons (Procyon lotor) | Osaka | Adult Young <6 mo |
116 | 7 (6.03) | 2 | C. skunk genotype (subtype XVIa) and C. parvum | Hattori et al. 2018 [46] |
| Bats (Eptesicus nilssonii) | Hokkaido Tokachi | NS | 3 | 2 | 1 | C. bat genotype XII | Murakoshi et al. 2018 [114] |
C., Cryptosporidium; mo, month; yr, year. NS not stated.