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. 2020 Sep 2;10:14474. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-71329-8

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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PD astrocytes have altered metabolic profile. (A) Oxygen consumption rate (OCR) following additions of 10 μM glucose (A), 1 μM oligomycin (B), 1 μM FCCP (C), and 1 μM antimycin A and rotenone (D) in astrocytes. (B) Extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) following additions of 10 μM glucose (A) and 1 μM oligomycin (B). Results are normalized to protein content and shown as mean ± SD from three independent experiments. (C) The OCR/ECAR ratio calculated after glucose addition. (D) Calculated OCR values of basal respiration, ATP production, maximal respiration, and spare respiratory capacity. (E) Calculated ECAR values of glycolysis, maximal glycolysis, and spare glycolytic capacity. (F) mtDNA copy number measured from astrocytes. Results are shown as relative fold change to healthy cells. (G) MitoTracker green Mean Fluorescence Intesity (MFI) per cell, representing mitochondrial mass. Bars represents mean ± SD, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. The order of lines in (D) and (E) is the same as in (C).