Table 1.
Baseline patient characteristics.
| Variable | Total cohort (n = 182) | PTS (n = 48) | Non-PTS (n = 134) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 45 (33–55) | 49 (41–58) | 43 (30–52) | 0.022 |
| Male n, (%) | 102 (56) | 26 (54.2) | 76 (56.7) | 0.577 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.5 (24.8–29.2) | 27.3 (25.1–30.1) | 26.2 (24.5–28.5) | 0.029 |
| Blood type, n (%) | ||||
| A | 70 (38.5) | 13 (27.1) | 57 (42.5) | 0.883 |
| B | 32 (17.6) | 13 (27.1) | 19 (14.2) | 0.598 |
| 0 | 66 (36.3) | 13 (27.1) | 53 (39.6) | 0.116 |
| AB | 14 (7.7) | 9 (18.8) | 5 (3.7) | 0.105 |
| Clinical characteristics, n (%) | ||||
| Smoking | 73 (40.1) | 14 (29.2) | 59 (44) | 0.277 |
| Trauma/surgery | 37 (20.3) | 3 (6.3) | 34 (25.4) | 0.199 |
| Unprovoked VTE | 92 (50.6) | 36 (75) | 56 (41.8) | 0.020 |
| DVT with PE | 55 (30.2) | 11 (22.9) | 44 (32.8) | 0.422 |
| Family history of VTE | 27 (14.8) | 8 (16.7) | 19 (14.2) | 0.883 |
| Proximal DVT | 137 (75.3) | 44 (91.7) | 93 (69.4) | 0.132 |
| Baseline laboratory parameters | ||||
| INR | 0.99 (0.91–1.05) | 1.0 (0.96–1.1) | 0.98 (0.89–1.1) | 0.577 |
| D-dimer, ng/mL | 211 (156–270) | 273 (191–296) | 216 (146–254) | 0.309 |
| Fibrinogen, g/L | 3.00 (2.51–3.93) | 2.98 (2.56–4.08) | 3.02 (2.45–3.87) | 0.917 |
| Creatinine, µmol/L | 71.4 ± 14.1 | 73.5 ± 16.2 | 70.6 ± 13.2 | 0.577 |
| Glucose, mmol/L | 4.9 (4.5–5.3) | 5.2 (4.8–5.6) | 4.8 (4.5–5.1) | 0.006 |
| TC, mmol/L | 5.08 ± 1.04 | 5.05 ± 0.93 | 5.10 ± 1.08 | 0.917 |
| TG, mmol/L | 1.31 ± 0.65 | 1.40 ± 0.65 | 1.29 ± 0.66 | 0.212 |
| CRP, mg/L | 1.73 (1.02–2.43) | 2.17 (1.58–3.89) | 1.44 (0.98–2.31) | 0.076 |
| IL-6, pg/mL | 3.56 (2.76–4.04) | 3.73 (3.03–4.00) | 3.47 (2.67–4.06) | 0.240 |
| IL-10, pg/mL | 6.45 (5.60–7.60) | 6.50 (5.85–7.95) | 6.40 (5.50–7.60) | 0.418 |
| HRG, µg/mL | 68 (58–75) | 76.5 (67.5–82) | 64.5 (57–70) | < 0.001 |
| Factor VIII, % | 123 (102–142) | 120 (103–139) | 124 (101–143) | 0.883 |
| tPA Ag, ng/mL | 9.2 (6.71–11.25) | 7.62 (6.35–10.73) | 9.60 (6.80–11.43) | 0.577 |
| PAI-1 Ag, ng/mL | 12.28 (8.73–18.60) | 10.89 (8.46–17.15) | 12.90 (8.74–19.40) | 0.426 |
| TAFI activity, µg/mL | 25.71 ± 7.06 | 32.01 ± 6.23 | 23.46 ± 5.88 | < 0.001 |
| Plasminogen, % | 108.8 ± 15.2 | 106.6 ± 12.7 | 109.6 ± 15.9 | 0.445 |
| α-antiplasmin, % | 105 (96–116) | 101 (92–113) | 107 (98–117) | 0.243 |
| Peak thrombin, nM | 231 (199–300) | 219 (193–291) | 235 (200–304) | 0.577 |
| Fibrin clot formation and features | ||||
| Plasma clot permeability, 10−9cm2 | 7.4 (6.5–8.4) | 6.6 (6.0–7.6) | 7.8 (6.9–8.8) | 0.001 |
| Clot lysis time, min | 88 (73–101) | 100 (88–109) | 82 (70–97) | < 0.001 |
| Lag time, sec | 40 (37–45) | 38 (35–41) | 42 (38–47) | 0.011 |
| Maximum absorbance | 0.81 (0.75–0.87) | 0.85 (0.81–0.89) | 0.80 (0.74–0.86) | 0.006 |
| Maximum levels of D‐dimer released from clots, mg/L | 3.93 (3.59–4.35) | 3.73 (3.60–4.30) | 4.08 (3.57–4.39) | 0.883 |
| Maximum rate of increase in D-dimer levels released from clots, mg/L/min | 0.071 (0.067–0.078) | 0.0069 (0.063–0.073) | 0.072 (0.068–0.079) | 0.207 |
| Genetic polymorphisms, n (%) | ||||
| Factor V Leiden | 23 (12.6) | 5 (10.4) | 18 (13.4) | 0.561 |
| Prothrombin 20210A | 7 (3.9) | 0 (0) | 7 (5.2) | 0.557 |
| Factor XIII Val34Leu | 83 (45.6) | 25 (52.1) | 58 (43.3) | 0.418 |
| α-fibrinogen Thr312Ala | 83 (45.6) | 22 (45.8) | 61 (45.5) | 0.616 |
PTS post-thrombotic syndrome; VTE venous thromboembolism; DVT deep vein thrombosis; PE pulmonary embolism; IL interleukin; INR international normalized ratio; TC total cholesterol; TG total triglycerides; CRP C-reactive protein; HRG histidine-rich glycoprotein; tPA tissue plasminogen activator; PAI-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; TAFI thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor.