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. 2020 Sep 2;10:14417. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-71049-z

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Cilia in a human trachea obtained from a patient who previously underwent radiation therapy. SEM image (A), and a captured movie frame of FITC-WGA-stained ciliary movement (B; see Movie 3 for better understanding of ciliary movement). Bars indicate 10 µm (A) and 20 µm (B). The distribution of ciliary beat directionality is shown as a rose diagram (C).