Table 1.

Soil characteristics in sites with different licorice plant ages (n = 5); values are mean ± standard deviation

	Soil primary nutrients											Soil micronutrients			Soil texture
Site	pH	SWC (%)	SOM (g/kg)	TC (g/kg)	TN (g/kg)	AN (mg/kg)	C/N	TP (g/kg)	AP (mg/kg)	TK (g/kg)	AK (mg/kg)	Cu (mg/kg)	Fe (g/kg)	Zn (mg/kg)	Sand (%)	Silt (%)	Clay (%)
1-y	8.66 ± 0.15 a	0.08 ± 0.03 a	6.46 ± 0.77 a	20.54 ± 1.48 a	0.27 ± 0.09 a	36.16 ± 24.66 c	76.07 ± 16.44 c	0.67 ± 0.03 a	5.75 ± 4.15 b	15.57 ± 0.21 b	95.46 ± 40.97 a	18.46 ± 0.23 a	25.2 ± 0.79 b	57.14 ± 2.28 a	26.96 ± 3.24 b	71.05 ± 2.93 a	1.99 ± 0.34 a
2-y	9.05 ± 0.02 c	0.08 ± 0.02 a	10.15 ± 0.61 b	24.95 ± 0.4 b	0.44 ± 0.04 b	12.12 ± 1.76 b	56.70 ± 10b	0.66 ± 0.02 a	7.14 ± 1.55 bc	15.42 ± 0.21 b	144 ± 7.8 a	19.14 ± 0.55 b	24.39 ± 1.12 ab	57.57 ± 2.05 a	24.74 ± 2.13 b	73.18 ± 2.27 a	2.08 ± 0.18 ab
4-y	8.77 ± 0.01 ab	0.13 ± 0.01 b	15.67 ± 3.51 c	27.71 ± 0.42 c	0.77 ± 0.07 c	17.54 ± 1.32 bc	35.99 ± 6 a	0.8 ± 0.05 b	14.12 ± 2.75 c	16 ± 0.2 c	302.08 ± 52.33 b	20.12 ± 0.3 c	24.36 ± 0.75 ab	62.25 ± 0.81 b	19.31 ± 1.63 a	78.18 ± 1.49 b	2.51 ± 0.26 b
Wild	8.88 ± 0.02 b	0.07 ± 0 a	9.81 ± 0.23 b	23.51 ± 0.04 b	0.45 ± 0.01 b	2.87 ± 0.18 a	52.24 ± 4 b	0.64 ± 0.01 a	2.09 ± 0.1 a	14.81 ± 0.01 a	88.52 ± 1.01 a	19.13 ± 0.11 b	22.93 ± 1.38 a	58.45 ± 1.59 a	26.23 ± 3.32 b	71.31 ± 3.07 a	2.46 ± 0.29 ab
F	22.74	14.64	21.84	70.38	58.43	6.43	9.05	34.87	18.66	38.03	44.19	20.23	4.06	8.63	8.32	8.62	4.54
P	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.01	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.05	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.05

Note: pH, soil pH; SWC, soil water content; SOM, soil organic matter; TC, total carbon; TN, total nitrogen; AN, available nitrogen; C/N, total carbon/nitrogen ratio; TP, total phosphorus; AP, available phosphorus; TK, total potassium; AK, available potassium; Cu, copper; Fe, iron; and Zn, zinc. Values within the same column followed by different letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05, ANOVA, Tukey HSD)