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. 2020 Sep 2;10:14435. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-71326-x

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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In vivo distribution of PLGA-NPs after cerebral IR injury. (A) Representative light (left) and fluorescent (right) photographs of cross-sectioned brains 6 h after an intravenous injection of saline, FITC or FITC-NPs. In the light images, the brains were stained with TTC to determine the infarct area. Scale bar: 2 mm. Data are presented as the mean ± SD (N = 4 mice per group). *P < 0.01 versus saline in the infarct area, ^†P < 0.05 versus FITC in the infarct area according to two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s multiple comparison tests. (B) Electron microscopic images of ischemic brain tissue 6 h after an intravenous injection of FITC-NPs. Yellow arrowheads indicate nanoparticles. (C) Blood and tissue (ischemic hemisphere, nonischemic hemisphere) concentrations of CsA. Data are presented as the mean ± SD (N = 8 mice per group). *P < 0.05 versus CsA calculated by unpaired t-tests. (D) Flow cytometric analysis of leukocytes isolated from the brain, blood and spleen. Histograms indicate representative data showing the distribution of FITC fluorescence, and bar graphs show quantitative results. MFI: mean fluorescent intensity. Data are presented as the mean ± SD (N = 4–5 mice per group). *P < 0.05 versus saline, **P < 0.01 versus saline, ^†P < 0.05 versus FITC, ^††P < 0.01 versus FITC according to one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s multiple comparison tests.