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. 2020 Sep 2;10:14435. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-71326-x

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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CsA-NP reduced infarct size after cerebral IR injury by blocking mPTP opening and Pitava-NP reduced infarct size after cerebral IR injury by blocking CCR2-mediated inflammation. (A) Quantitative data of infarct size and neurological deficits score 24 h after IR. The data of infarct size represent the mean ± SD (N = 8–12 mice per group), and they were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s multiple comparison tests. Data of neurological deficits score were analyzed by the nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis test. (B) Quantitative data of cytochrome c in the cytosol fraction 30 min after reperfusion. The data represent the mean ± SD. *P < 0.001 versus saline in the non-ischemic hemisphere, ^†P < 0.001 versus CsA in the noninfarct hemisphere, as analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s multiple comparison tests. I: ischemic hemisphere, N: non-ischemic hemisphere. (C) Quantitative data of infarct size and neurological deficits score 24 h after IR injury. The data of infarct size represent the mean ± SD (N = 6–10), and they were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s multiple comparison tests. The data of neurological deficits score were analyzed by the nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis test. (D) The effects of Pitava-NP on the infarct size in CCR2-KO mice. The data represent the mean ± SD (N = 10 per group), and they were compared using unpaired t tests.