Fig. 1.

Oral treatment with kaempferol prevents arthritis in CIA mice. a Changes in the body weights of the mice; b The spleen index was calculated as the ratio of the spleen weight to the mouse body weight; d Polyarthritis index; c, e Paw swelling; f Histological examination of ankle joint sections (H&E staining). Mean ± SD, n = 6. C: control, M: model, K (ig.): oral administration of kaempferol, K (ip.): intraperitoneal injection of kaempferol, L: leflunomide. ^##P < 0.01 vs. C; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs. M