Fig. 2.

Kaempferol decreases inflammatory cytokine and pathogenic antibody secretion in CIA mice. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines a IL-1β, b TNF-α, c IL-6, and d IFN-γ and e anti-CII antibodies. Mean ± SD, n = 6. C: control, M: model, K (ig.): oral administration of kaempferol, K (ip.): intraperitoneal injection of kaempferol, L: leflunomide. ^##P < 0.01 vs. C; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs. M