Fig. 4.
Results from an ensemble of 18 models from 20 studies for aviation NOx impacts: short-term O3 increases; CH4 reductions, CH4-induced long-term reductions of O3, CH4-induced reductions of stratospheric water vapor (SWV) and Net NOx. Each data point represents a value of RF per unit emission (mW m−2 (Tg N yr−1)−1) as normalized from a published study (see SD). CH4-induced O3 and SWV are calculated using standardized methodology (see text for details). Note that the displayed values do not include correction factors to account for the non-steady-state CH4 responses to NOx emissions and the new CH4 RF parameterization. These adjustments are applied in forming the best estimates as discussed in Appendix D.