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. 2020 Aug 20;11:1273. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01273

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Copyright © 2020 Maique, Flores, Shi, Shepard, Zhou, Yan, Moe and Hu

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Senescence inhibitor blunts high Pi-induced cellular senescence, cytotoxicity and EMT in vitro. NRK cells were treated with fucoidan or vehicle for 72 h. After first 24 h, cells were treated with 1 or 2 mM Pi for 48 h. (A) SA-β-gal stain in NRK cells. Upper panel: representative images of SA-β-gal stain; bottom panel: quantitative score of SA-β-gal stain. Quantitative analysis of transcripts of (B) senescence markers (Lmnb1 and p16) and fibrotic markers (a-SMA and CTGF) in the cells. (C) LDH and (D) 8-OHdG concentration in culture media from cultured NRK cells. (E) Quantitative analysis of transcripts of NGAL (a kidney tubular injury marker), TNFα, TGFβ, IL1β, and IL6. Sample number in each group is presented in bracket underneath corresponding bar. Data are presented as mean ± S.D. with scatter plots of individual data points. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 between two groups by two-way ANOVA followed by Student-Newman-Keuls post hoc test.