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. 2020 Aug 20;7:542. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00542

Table 7.

Sub-group analysis with the papers reporting lameness incidence rate (100 cow-years) at cow level after outlier removal.

Moderator Subgroup No of studies per subgroup Pooled incidence rate (100 cow-years) per subgroup 95% CI P-value for QM Residual heterogeneity (H) Residual heterogeneity (I2) (%)
Lameness data source Mobility scoring system 13 36.9 24.2–52.4 0.989 62.93 100.0
Records 16 36.8 26.9–48.4
Study Type Observational 22 30.7 23.1–39.5 <0.001* 63.37 100.0
Experimental 7 63.4 45.4–84.4
Study Farm(s) Location Not at Research Institute 22 33.9 25.8–43.1 0.309 63.57 100.0
At Research Institute 7 48.3 24.1–80.9
Breed Holsteina 20 45.7 34.7–58.2 0.0020* 45.83 100.0
Other 6 19.4 9.8–32.4
Grazing regime Grazing 13 64.6 43.6–90.1 <0.001* 19.66 99.7
Other 5 17.5 12.2–23.9
Housing System Multiple 6 14.8 7.5–24.6 0.03* 43.14 99.9
Cubicle 12 54.2 19.2–106.9
Calving Pattern Year-round 5 52.4 18.2–104.2 0.577 43.14 99.9
Other 9 39.5 22.4–61.3
Start of data collection (year) 1 1995 and onwards 19 38.1 29.8–47.5 0.694 51.55 100.0
Before 1995 10 34.6 21.2–51.3
Start of data collection (year) 2 2000 and onwards 14 43.7 28.5–62.1 0.164 47.84 100.0
Before 2000 15 31.0 23.3–39.8
Start of data collection (year) 3 2005 and onwards 9 55.8 28.9–91.5 0.066 45.37 100.0
Before 2005 20 29.3 23.6–35.6
Start of data collection (year) 4 2008 and onwards 8 47.8 22.1–83.4 0.316 45.51 100.0
Before 2008 21 32.9 26.5–40.1
Start of data collection (year) 5 2010 and onwards 6 31.6 13.7–56.8 0.583 52.07 100.0
Before 2010 23 38.5 28.9–49.5
Sample Size a 1,230 animals or more 17 24.5 17.1–33.3 0.0019* 62.00 100.0
less than 1,230 animals 12 60.2 38.3–86.9
Sample Size b More than 5 farms and 1230 animals 11 20.7 14.3–28.2 0.0021* 43.29 99.9
less than 5 farms and/or 1,230 animals 18 49.7 31.9–71.6
a

Herds which cows were mainly Holstein, Friesian and/or Holstein-Friesian.

*

Variables considered as moderators.