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Schematic of microglia activation and responses during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). After EAE induction, microglia begin to proliferate and upregulate activation markers. Upon binding of CD40L from T cells to microglial CD40, microglia decrease their proliferation rate and acquire amoeboid reactive morphology. Amoeboid microglia have both pro- and anti-inflammatory functions through secretion of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors.
