TABLE A1.
Questionnaire.
| Entrepreneurial Passion | |
| EP 1 | It is exciting to figure out new ways to solve unmet market needs that can be commercialized |
| EP 2 | Searching for new ideas for products/services to offer is enjoyable to me |
| EP 3 | I am motivated to figure out how to make existing products/services better |
| EP 4 | Scanning the environment for new opportunities really excites me |
| EP 5 | Inventing new solutions to problems is an important part of who I am |
| Entrepreneurial Alertness | |
| Scanning and Search | |
| SS 1 | I have frequent interactions with others to acquire new information |
| SS 2 | I always keep an eye out for new business ideas when looking for information |
| SS 3 | I read news, magazines, or trade publications regularly to acquire new information |
| SS 4 | I browse the internet every day |
| SS 5 | I am an avid information seeker |
| SS 6 | I am always actively looking for new information |
| Association and Connection | |
| AC 1 | I see links between seemingly unrelated pieces of information |
| AC 2 | I am good at “connecting dots” |
| AC 3 | I often see connections between previously unconnected domains of information |
| Evaluation and Judgment | |
| EJ 1 | I have a gut feeling for potential opportunities |
| EJ 2 | I can distinguish between profitable opportunities and not-so- profitable opportunities |
| EJ 3 | I have a knack for telling high-value opportunities apart from low-value opportunities |
| EJ 4 | When facing multiple opportunities, I am able to select the good ones. |
| Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy | |
| ESE 1 | I am convinced that I can successfully discover new business opportunities |
| ESE 2 | I am convinced that I can successfully create new products |
| ESE 3 | I am convinced that I can think creatively |
| ESE 4 | I am convinced that I can successfully commercialize ideas |
| Entrepreneurial Intention | |
| EI 1 | I am ready to do anything to be an entrepreneur |
| EI 2 | My professional goal is to become an entrepreneur |
| EI 3 | I will make every effort to start and run my own firm |
| EI 4 | I am determined to create a firm in the future |
| EI 5 | I have the firm intention to start a firm someday |
| Proactive Personality | |
| PP 1 | I am constantly on the lookout for new ways to improve my life |
| PP 2 | Wherever I have been I am a powerful force of constructive change |
| PP 3 | Nothing is more exciting than seeing my ideas turn in to reality |
| PP 4 | If I see something I don’t like, I fix it |
| PP 5 | No matter what the odds, If I believe in something, I will make it happen |
| PP 6 | I love being a champion for my ideas, even against other’s opposition |
| PP 7 | I excel at identifying opportunities |
| PP 8 | I am always looking for better ways to do things |
| PP 9 | If I believe in an idea, no obstacle will prevent me from making it happen |
| PP 10 | I can spot a good opportunity long before others can |
| Entrepreneurial Behavior | |
| EB1 | I have discussed product or business idea with potential customers |
| EB2 | I have collected information about markets or competitors |
| EB3 | I have written a business plan |
| EB4 | I have started product/service development |
| EB5 | I have started marketing or promotion efforts |
| EB6 | I have purchased material, equipment, or machinery for the business |
| EB7 | I attempted to obtain external funding |
| EB8 | I have applied for a patent, copyright, or trademark |
| EB9 | I will register the company |
| EB10 | I will sell products or services |