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. 2020 Aug 20;11:1955. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01955

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Copyright © 2020 Seidel, Moreno-Velásquez, Ben-Ghazzi, Gago, Read and Bowyer.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Internalised A. fumigatus cells are surrounded by the host’s plasma membrane upon escape of alveolar and bronchial epithelial cells. Confocal live-cell imaging shows A. fumigatus expressing cytoplasmic RFP within A549 and 16HBE epithelial cells expressing GFP in the plasma membrane. (A) Internalised germling before reaching the host plasma membrane. (B) The tip (arrow) of the internalised germlings is surrounded by host plasma membrane during early interaction. (C) After late interaction of the internalised germling tip, the host plasma membrane surrounds the basal part of the germling (arrowhead). (D) Host plasma membrane is accumulated in the regions of hyphal escape (arrows). (E) Host plasma membrane surrounds an extension of the escaping germling. (F) Maximal projection shown in panel (E). (G–I) 16HBE plasma membrane (arrows) surrounds internalised A. fumigatus germlings upon escape. Scale bars = 5 μm.