Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants.
| Characteristics | NG (n= 15) |
HIIT (n= 14) |
RT (n= 12) |
CT (n= 14) |
p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anthropometric parameters | |||||
| Age, years | 41.2 (7.6) | 43.6 (7.2) | 38.7 (6.0) | 39.2 (6.8) | 0.237 |
| Body mass, kg | 82.4 (16.4) | 75.1 (10.8) | 84.2 (11.5) | 77.2 (23.1) | 0.169 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 29.3 (3.9) | 29.7 (2.7) | 31.3 (3.7) | 30.2 (3.8) | 0.531 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 95.1 (12.4) | 90.0 (8.6) | 94.7 (8.3) | 91.2 (7.3) | 0.367 |
| Educational level, n (%)a | |||||
| High school | 2 (13) | 1 (13) | 2 (17) | 1 (7) | 0.188 |
| Technician | 8 (53) | 5 (36) | 0 (0) | 4 (27) | |
| University | 5 (33) | 8 (57) | 10 (83) | 9 (64) | |
| Level of occupation, n (%)a | |||||
| Full timer | 7 (47) | 7 (44) | 8 (50) | 10 (71) | 0.495 |
| Half timer | 1 (7) | 2 (13) | 0 (0) | 1 (7) | |
| Independent | 5 (33) | 5 (31) | 2 (13) | 3 (21) | |
| Housewife | 1 (7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Unemployed | 1 (7) | 0 (0) | 2 (13) | 0 (0) | |
| Socioeconomic status, n (%)a | |||||
| Low | 1 (7) | 1 (7) | 2 (17) | 1 (7) | 0.651 |
| Mid | 14 (93) | 13 (93) | 8 (67) | 11 (79) | |
| High | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (17) | 2 (14) | |
| Caloric distribution by nutrients | |||||
| Daily caloric intake, mean (SD) | 1441 (471) | 1595 (279) | 1791 (439) | 1811 (439) | 0.060 |
| Protein, % | 19.8 (5.1) | 17.4 (5.5) | 18.2 (4.2) | 18.4 (3.1) | 0.221 |
| Fat, % | 37.7 (7.7) | 35.4 (3.6) | 38.1 (5.5) | 35.2 (5.6) | 0.435 |
| Carbohydrate, % | 42.7 (8.0) | 47.3 (8.4) | 43.7 (5.6) | 46.8 (8.4) | 0.195 |
Continuous variables are reported as mean values (standard deviations (SD) and categorical variables are reported as numbers and (%)a. Body mass index was calculated with the following formula = body weight (kg)/height squared (m2). To compare groups, ANOVA was applied from quantitative variables, while for the qualitative variables, the Chi-square test was used.