Table 1.
Demographics of 10 Randomized Clinical Trials Meeting the Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria.
| Trial | Country | Diag | Sample Size (Ctr, VC) | Age (Mean (±SD) Years | Sex (Male) n (%) | Vitamin C | Additional Therapy to VC Group (Yes/No) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ctr | VC | Ctr | VC | Route | Dose (g) | Time before PCI (min) | ||||||
| 1 | Shafaei et al. (2019) [39] | Iran | ACS | 252 (126,126) | 57.18 ± 10.4 | 58.64 ± 10.41 | 97 (76.9) | 104 (82.5) | IV, IC | 3 | 0 | No |
| 2 | Ramos et al. (2017) a [44] | Chile | ACS | 67 (41,26) | 56.16 ± 8.51 | 59.2 ± 11.98 | NA | NA | IV | 56 | 30 | Yes e |
| 3 | Valls et al. (2016) a [40] | Chile | ACS | 43 (21,22) | 57.1 ± 7.2 | 59.8 ± 13.3 | 19 (95.2) | 20 (90.9) | IV | 56 | 60 | Yes e |
| 4 | Wang et al. (2014) [41] | China | SA | 532 (267,265) | 58.0 ± 10.1 | 57.9 ± 10.4 | 182 (68.1) | 192 (72) | IV | 3 | 360 | No |
| 5 | Basili et al. (2010–2011) c | Italy | SA | 56 (28,28) | 68 ± 9 | 66 ± 8 | 23 (82) | 24 (86) | IV | 1 | 60 | No |
| 6 | Gasparetto et al. (2005) [33] | Italy | ACS | 98 (49,49) | 40–86 years | 74.4% Males | IV | 1 | 60 | Yes f | ||
| 7 | Guan et al. (1999) d [29] | Japan | ACS | 21 (11,10) | 68 ± 4 | 68 ± 4 | 8(72) | 6 (60) | IV | 2 | 0 | No |
| 8 | Tardif et al. (1997) b [55] | Canada | SA | 116 (62,54) | 60.3 ± 8.4 | 57.7 ± 11.1 | 61 (77) | 66 (84) | PO | 1 | 720 | Yes g |
The trial did not have a funding source unless indicated by “a” or “b”. “a” indicates funding source of Chile National Fund for Scientific and Technological Development (FONDECYT), “b” indicates funding source of the Medical Research Council of Canada. “c” indicates that three articles were combined to represent one trial, they were Basili et al., 2010 [43], Pignatelli et al., 2011 [42] and Basili et al., 2011 [34]. The trial was placebo controlled unless indicated by “d”. “d” indicates control group received standard treatment. “e” indicates that an oral dose of vitamin E (alpha Tocopherol) 800 IU administered before PCI, oral doses of vitamin C 500 mg/12 h and vitamin E (alpha Tocopherol) 400 IU/d administered after PCI for 84 days. “f” indicates that oral doses of vitamin C 1 g, vitamin A 50 U and vitamin E 300 mg were administered after PCI daily for one month. “g” indicates that oral doses of vitamin C 500 mg, vitamin E (alpha Tocopherol) 700 IU and beta-carotene 30,000 IU twice daily for one month before PCI and for five to seven months after PCI, plus an extra dose of Vitamin E (alpha Tocopherol) 2000 IU 12 h before PCI. SA: stable angina; ACS: acute coronary syndrome; Diag: diagnosis; Ctr: control group; VC: vitamin C group; Tx: Treatment; IV: intravenous; IC: Intra-coronary; NA: not available despite the effort of contacting the correspondent authors.