Table 2.
Mean energy and nutrient composition of the nursing home menus across three seasons and overall mean composition.
| Nutritional Factor | Winter Menu | Mid-Season Menu | Summer Menu | Mean Menu |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Energy (kcal) | 1889 ± 102 a | 2012 ± 176 a,b | 2028 ± 66 b | 1976 ± 133 |
| Total CHO (% of energy) | 47.4 ± 3.2 | 46.4 ± 4.7 | 46.5 ± 3.0 | 46.8 ± 3.5 |
| Simple CHO (% of energy) | 20.6 ± 2.2 | 19.8 ± 0.6 | 20.3 ± 1.4 | 20.2 ± 1.5 |
| Total protein (% of energy) | 18.7 ± 2.5 | 20.0 ± 2.3 | 19.6 ± 2.7 | 19.4 ± 2.5 |
| Animal protein (% of energy) | 11.1 ± 2.8 | 13.4 ± 2.8 | 12.8 ± 2.5 | 12.4 ± 0.3 |
| Plant protein (% of energy) | 6.2 ± 0.9 | 6.2 ± 1.1 | 6.4 ± 0.8 | 6.3 ± 0.1 |
| Total Lipids (% of energy) | 34.1 ± 4.2 | 33.7 ± 4.1 | 34.0 ± 4.6 | 33.9 ± 4.1 |
| SFA (% of energy) | 8.7 ± 1.3 | 8.9 ± 2.0 | 8.6 ± 1.8 | 8.7 ± 1.6 |
| MUFA (% of energy) | 17.9 ± 3.3 | 16.9 ± 2.4 | 17.7 ± 2.2 | 17.5 ± 2.6 |
| PUFA (% of energy) | 3.7 ± 0.8 | 3.8 ± 0.7 | 3.9 ± 1.4 | 3.8 ± 1.0 |
| ω-3 (% of energy) | 0.7 ± 0.4 | 0.7 ± 0.4 | 0.7 ± 0.4 | 0.7 ± 0.4 |
| ω-6 (% of energy) | 3.0 ± 0.9 | 3.0 ± 0.8 | 3.2 ± 1.3 | 3.0 ± 1.0 |
| Total Fibre (g/1000 Kcal) | 12.2 ± 2.1 | 11.6 ± 2.4 | 12.3 ± 1.7 | 12.0 ± 2.0 |
| Cholesterol (mg) | 264 ± 91 | 358 ± 134 | 288 ± 123 | 303 ± 118 |
| Total proteins (g) | 88.1 ± 14.3 | 100.9 ± 19.6 | 98.8 ± 11.3 | 95.9 ± 15.7 |
| Animal protein (g) | 56.0 ± 13.8 | 68.3 ± 20.5 | 64.8 ± 10.9 | 63.0 ± 15.7 |
| Plant protein (g) | 30.6 ± 4.1 | 30.9 ± 4.2 | 32.6 ± 4.0 | 31.4 ± 4.0 |
| Total lipids (g) | 71.2 ± 7.8 | 75.3 ± 12.5 | 76.5 ± 12.3 | 74.3 ± 10.7 |
| SFA (g) | 18.3 ± 3.3 | 19.8 ± 4.6 | 19.4 ± 4.4 | 19.1 ± 4.0 |
| MUFA (g) | 37.3 ± 5.8 | 38.0 ± 7.1 | 40.1 ± 5.8 | 38.5 ± 6.0 |
| PUFA (g) | 7.7 ± 1.6 | 8.5 ± 2.1 | 8.7 ± 3.4 | 8.3 ± 2.4 |
| Total ω-3 (g) | 1.4 ± 0.8 | 1.5 ± 0.9 | 1.6 ± 0.9 | 1.5 ± 0.9 |
| Total ω-6 (g) | 6.2 ± 1.8 | 6.7 ± 2.1 | 7.1 ± 3.0 | 6.7 ± 3.0 |
| Fibre (g/day) | 22.9 ± 4.2 | 23.2 ± 4.4 | 24.8 ± 2.9 | 23.6 ± 3.8 |
| Calcium (mg) | 643 ± 254 | 666 ± 175 | 638 ± 112 | 649 ± 180 |
| Iron (mg) | 11.9 ± 2.0 | 14.2 ± 2.9 | 12.1 ± 1.0 | 12.7 ± 2.3 |
| Vitamin B12 (mcg) | 4.8 ± 2.2 | 5.3 ± 2.3 | 6.3 ± 5.1 | 5.5 ± 3.4 |
| Vitamin C (mg) | 225 ± 33 | 233 ± 28 | 242 ± 45 | 233 ± 35 |
| Vitamin E (mg) | 13.7 ± 1.9 | 15 ± 3.2 | 15.5 ± 2.4 | 14.8 ± 2.6 |
| Vitamin B1 (mg) | 1.4 ± 0.4 | 1.6 ± 0.4 | 1.5 ± 0.4 | 1.5 ± 0.4 |
| Folates (mcg) | 342 ± 78 | 377 ± 138 | 340 ± 70 | 353 ± 97 |
| Vitamin B6 (mg) | 2.3 ± 0.6 | 2.7 ± 0.7 | 2.5 ± 0.4 | 2.5 ± 0.6 |
Data represent the daily amounts with the units given in parentheses and are shown as mean ± standard deviation. Data have been calculated through the Metadieta ® software. Data with different letters in the same row are significantly different (p < 0.05). CHO, carbohydrates; SFA, saturated fatty acids; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids; ω-3, omega-3 fatty acids; ω-6, omega-6 fatty acids.