Table 3.
Daily mean energy, nutrient and polyphenol intake at baseline in the whole group of subjects, in women and men.
| Variables | All (n = 51) | Women (n = 29) | Men (n = 22) | p-Value † |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Energy (kcal) | 1582 ± 108 | 1569 ± 110 | 1599 ± 105 | 0.318 |
| Total CHO (% of energy) | 50.0 ± 2.7 | 50.0 ± 2.7 | 49.8 ± 2.7 | 0.641 |
| Simple CHO (% of energy) | 20.4 ± 3.1 | 20.3 ± 3.3 | 20.5 ± 3.0 | 0.939 |
| Proteins (% of energy) | 17.8 ± 0.8 | 18.0 ± 0.8 | 17.7 ± 0.9 | 0.216 |
| Animal proteins (% of energy) | 12.1± 1.1 | 12.2 ± 1.0 | 11.8 ± 1.1 | 0.262 |
| Plant proteins (% of energy) | 5.7 ± 0.6 | 5.7 ± 0.6 | 5.7 ± 0.6 | 0.864 |
| Total lipids (% of energy) | 32.1 ± 2.3 | 31.9 ± 2.2 | 32.4 ± 2.5 | 0.441 |
| SFA (% of energy) | 8.6 ± 1.5 | 8.6 ± 1.4 | 8.7 ± 1.7 | 0.655 |
| MUFA (% of energy) | 16.3 ± 1.3 | 16.3 ± 1.1 | 16.4 ± 1.6 | 0.834 |
| PUFA (% of energy) | 3.2 ± 0.5 | 3.3 ± 0.6 | 3.2 ± 0.4 | 0.435 |
| ω-3 (% of energy) | 0.6 ± 0.2 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.2 | 0.753 |
| ω-6 (% of energy) | 2.5 ± 0.4 | 2.6 ± 0.5 | 2.5 ± 0.2 | 0.341 |
| Total Fibre (g/1000 kcal) | 11.2 ± 1.2 | 11.3 ± 1.1 | 11.1 ± 1.3 | 0.458 |
| Cholesterol (mg) | 207.7 ± 30.3 | 204.3 ± 29.9 | 212.2 ± 30.9 | 0.682 |
| Total CHO (g) | 210.7 ± 21.5 | 209.6 ± 22.8 | 212.2 ± 20.1 | 0.864 |
| Simple CHO (g) | 81.0 ± 15.2 | 80.8 ± 15.4 | 81.3 ± 15.2 | 0.954 |
| Proteins (g) | 70.3 ± 4.0 | 70.2 ± 4.0 | 70.4 ± 4.0 | 0.849 |
| Animal proteins (g) | 47.6 ± 3.9 | 47.9 ± 3.7 | 47.2 ± 4.2 | 0.536 |
| Plant proteins (g) | 22.4 ± 2.7 | 22.2 ± 2.7 | 22.7 ± 2.8 | 0.601 |
| Total lipids (g) | 56.2 ± 4.9 | 55.2 ± 3.8 | 57.5 ± 5.8 | 0.192 |
| SFA (g) | 15.2 ± 3.0 | 14.9 ± 2.7 | 15.5 ± 3.3 | 0.447 |
| MUFA (g) | 28.7 ± 2.4 | 28.3 ± 1.2 | 29.1 ± 3.4 | 0.575 |
| PUFA (g) | 5.7 ± 0.7 | 5.7 ± 0.7 | 5.7 ± 0.8 | 0.371 |
| Total ω-3 (g) | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 0.600 |
| Total ω-6 (g) | 4.5 ± 0.6 | 4.5 ± 0.6 | 4.4 ± 0.5 | 0.274 |
| Fibre (g/day) | 17.8 ± 2.4 | 17.8 ± 2.2 | 17.8 ± 2.6 | 0.932 |
| Calcium (mg) | 804 ± 136 | 808 ± 128 | 799 ± 147 | 0.761 |
| Iron (mg) | 9.4 ± 0.9 | 9.4 ± 0.7 | 9.4 ± 1.0 | 0.879 |
| Vitamin B12 (µg) | 4.2 ± 1.0 | 4.2 ± 0.4 | 4.3 ± 1.5 | 0.394 |
| Vitamin C (mg) | 111.8 ± 56.1 | 115.1 ± 45.2 | 107.4 ± 68.8 | 0.464 |
| Vitamin E (mg) | 11.4 ± 2.9 | 11.5 ± 1.3 | 11.2 ± 4.1 | 0.327 |
| Vitamin B1 (mg) | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 0.156 |
| Folates (µg) | 302 ± 73 | 311 ± 54 | 289 ± 93 | 0.536 |
| Vitamin B6 (mg) | 1.5 ± 0.3 | 1.5 ± 0.2 | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 0.588 |
| Flavonoids (mg) | 181.1 ± 137.5 | 174.4 ± 123.7 | 190.8 ± 157.8 | 0.984 |
| Phenolic acids (mg) | 130.9 ± 36.0 | 126.6 ± 28.6 | 137.1 ± 44.5 | 0.598 |
| Stilbenes (mg) | 0.04 ± 0.06 | 0.04 ± 0.06 | 0.04 ± 0.07 | 0.542 |
| Lignans (mg) | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.737 |
| Other polyphenols (mg) | 27.8 ± 4.3 | 28.0 ± 3.7 | 27.6 ± 5.0 | 0.723 |
All data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD); Data with p < 0.05 are significantly different. CHO, carbohydrates; SFA, saturated fatty acids; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids; ω-3, omega-3 fatty acids; ω-6, omega-6 fatty acids. † Comparison between women and men using Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test.