Table 2.
Nonparametric characteristics of ‘normal nutritional status’, ‘at risk of malnutrition’, and ‘malnourishment’ subgroups.
| Normal Nutritional Status (n = 47) |
At risk of Malnutrition (n = 62) |
MALNOURISHMENT (n = 11) |
P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Males | 39 (83%) | 53 (86%) | 8 (73%) | 0.57 |
| Deaths | 7 (15%) | 9 (15%) | 3 (27%) | 0.55 |
| HospitalizationHF | 13 (28%) | 11 (18%) | 1 (9%) | 0.27 |
| NYHA 1-2 | 21 (48%) | 20 (34%) | 1 (10%) | 0.06 |
| NYHA 3-4 | 23 (52%) | 39 (66%) | 9 (90%) | |
| Non-ICM | 30 (64%) | 32 (52%) | 7 (64%) | 0.53 |
| ICM | 17 (36%) | 30 (48%) | 4 (36%) | |
| Exacerbation of HF | 14 (30%) | 30 (48%) | 9 (82%) | 0.004 |
| Referred for HTX | 8 (19%) | 6 (10%) | 3 (30%) | 0.19 |
| DM | 7 (15%) | 21 (34%) | 4 (36%) | 0.06 |
| Insulin | 3 (6%) | 9 (15%) | 1 (9%) | 0.39 |
| COPD | 4 (9%) | 7 (11%) | 1 (9%) | 0.88 |
| CKD | 8 (17%) | 17 (27%) | 1 (9%) | 0.24 |
| HA | 18 (38%) | 30 (48%) | 4 (36%) | 0.50 |
| AF | 23 (45%) | 31 (50%) | 2 (18%) | 0.13 |
| Thyroid disorders | 11 (23%) | 14 (23%) | 3 (27%) | 0.94 |
| Stroke/TIA | 2 (4%) | 8 (13%) | 0 | 0.16 |
| Statin | 20 (43%) | 37 (61%) | 4 (36%) | 0.10 |
| MRA | 43 (91%) | 57 (92%) | 8 (73%) | 0.13 |
| Beta blockers | 45 (96%) | 61 (98%) | 10 (91%) | 0.34 |
| ACEI/ARB/sacubitril +valsartan | 45 (96%) | 50 (81%) | 8 (73%) | 0.035 |
Abbreviations: HF—Heart Failure, NYHA—New York Heart Association, ICM—ischaemic cardiomyopathy, HTX—heart transplantation, DM—diabetes mellitus, COPD—chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CKD—chronic kidney disease, HA—arterial hypertension, AF—atrial fibrillation, TIA—transient ischaemic attack, MRA—mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, ACEI—angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, ARB—angiotensin receptor blockers.