Fig. 2.

Human neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) alter cytokine secretion by human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEs). HBEs were grown at air-liquid interface and exposed to PBS, 5 μg/mL NETs, 5 μg/mL NETs + 0.5 μg/mL dornase alfa (DA), or 0.5 μg/mL DA for 18 h. NETs alone were simultaneously incubated for 18 h without epithelial cells. Cytokine concentrations were measured in the apical supernatant by Luminex, and IL-8 and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) concentrations were confirmed by ELISA. Results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. (HBE donors = 6, NET donors = 5.) *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001.