Table 4.
Energy and nutrients intake (from diet and dietetic products and supplements) expressed as a percentage of the estimated energy requirement (EER), the estimated average requirements (EAR) or adequate intakes (AI) in cases and controls studied.
| % of Energy Requirement Estimated, EARs or AI | Cases (n = 308) |
Control (n = 308) |
p a |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | ||
| Energy | 114.4 ± 32.7 | 107.0 ± 31.3 | 0.056 |
| Minerals and electrolytes | |||
| Calcium | 49.7 ± 11.1 b | 52.7 ± 13.4 b | 0.025 |
| Phosphorus | 118.9 ± 18.1 | 120.1 ± 18.5 | 0.469 |
| Iron | 142.5 ± 35.7 | 147.5 ± 36.4 | 0.044 |
| Magnesium | 47.5 ± 13.2 | 48.1 ± 12.0 | 0.094 |
| Potassium | 55.7 ± 13.1 | 55.9 ± 13.0 | 0.081 |
| Iodine | 53.2 ± 22.9 | 53.0 ± 10.5 | 0.236 |
| Sodium | 150.1 ± 80.1 | 140.0 ± 77.3 | 0.954 |
| Selenium | 111.9 ± 24.6 | 112.3 ± 24.6 | 0.598 |
| Copper | 80.6 ± 13.4 | 81.1 ± 13.1 | 0.360 |
| Zinc | 64.0 ± 19.5 | 64.1 ± 18.7 | 0.938 |
| Vitamins | |||
| Vitamin B1 d | 110.7 ± 847.4 | 66.5 ± 19.4 | 0.003 |
| Vitamin B2 | 84.6 ± 25.5 | 89.9 ± 24.8 | 0.002 |
| Vitamin B3 | 147.4 ± 30.5 | 150.5 ± 29.0 | 0.121 |
| Vitamin B6 | 110.8 ± 73.6 | 81.2 ± 19.6 | 0.010 |
| Folate | 47.8 ± 13.7 | 49.8 ± 13.1 | 0.060 |
| Vitamin B12 | 185.2 ± 763.1 d | 139.2 ± 36.5 | 0.350 |
| Vitamin C | 124.0 ± 55.5 | 124.5 ± 51.7 | 0.865 |
| Vitamin A | 52.5 ± 19.9 | 52.4 ± 17.5 | 0.943 |
| Vitamin D | 11.9 ± 5.7 | 13.1 ± 11.9 | 0.956 |
| Vitamin E | 38.3 ± 16.3 | 35.7 ± 12.2 | 0.053 |
AI: adequate intakes; EAR: estimated average requirements; SD: standard deviation. a Differences between cases and controls. b This variable followed a normal distribution. c Nutrient intake expressed as a percentage of the AI (the rest of the nutrients were expressed as a percentage of the EAR). d This high SD is due to the use of nutritional supplements by one of the cases.