Figure 4.

Traces showing the dose–response curves induced by cumulative addition of the ginseng extract in endothelium-intact aorta precontracted with phenylephrine (A) and the effect of ginseng extract on phenylephrine-induced contraction of the isolated endothelium-intact (a; N = 9) and -denuded rat aorta (b; N = 5 ) and isolated endothelium-intact rat aorta pretreated with N^W-nitro arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (c; N = 8) (B). Data are shown as mean ± SEM and expressed as percentage of maximal contraction induced by phenylephrine. N indicates the number of isolated rat aorta. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, and *** P < 0.001 vs. time-matched control.