Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2020 Jul 25;12(8):2220. doi: 10.3390/nu12082220

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Percentage change in urinary trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) concentrations following choline bitartrate consumption shown in rank-order of response. The percentage change ranged from −80% to 1400% among participants. The median value of 40% was used as a cutoff to stratify the participants into high-TMAO producers (n = 17; those with ≥40% urinary TMAO increase from 0 min study-baseline in response to choline bitartrate) and low-TMAO producers (n = 17; those with <40% urinary TMAO increase from 0 min study-baseline in response to choline bitartrate) were compared for the gut microbiome analyses.