Table 2.
Effect of low polyphenol OO vs. high polyphenol OO on mean changes in dietary energy, macro- and micronutrient intake.
| Baseline Mean (SEM) |
Follow Up Mean (SEM) |
Mean Change (95% CI) (Time Effect) |
p-Value (Treatment * Time Effect) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Energy intake (KJ/day) | ||||
| Low Polyphenol OO (n = 50) | 8712.8 (328.3) | 10518.9 (344.4) | 1806.1 (1075.4 to 2536.8) | 0.940 |
| High Polyphenol OO (n = 50) | 8892.6 (328.3) | 10659.2 (344.4) | 1766.6 (1035.9 to 2497.3) | |
| p-value (Treatment effect) | 0.700 | 0.774 | ||
| Protein intake (g/day) | ||||
| Low Polyphenol OO (n = 50) | 102.0 (5.5) | 100.7 (5.2) | −1.3 (−14.3 to 11.8) | 0.924 |
| High Polyphenol OO (n = 50) | 97.4 (5.5) | 97.0 (5.3) | −0.4 (−13.4 to 12.7) | |
| p-value (Treatment effect) | 0.558 | 0.619 | ||
| Carbohydrates (g/day) | ||||
| Low Polyphenol OO (n = 50) | 214.8 (10.1) | 213.4 (11.1) | −1.5 (−23.5 to 20.6) | 0.972 |
| High Polyphenol OO (n = 50) | 219.9 (10.1) | 217.8 (11.1) | −2.0 (−24.0 to 20.0) | |
| p-value (Treatment effect) | 0.726 | 0.776 | ||
| Total fat intake (g/day) | ||||
| Low Polyphenol OO (n = 50) | 79.9 (4.0) | 129.2 (4.5) | 49.3 (41.1 to 57.4) | 0.571 |
| High Polyphenol OO (n = 50) | 84.3 (4.0) | 130.3 (4.5) | 46.0 (37.8 to 54.1) | |
| p-value (Treatment effect) | 0.441 | 0.870 | ||
| SFA intake (g/day) | ||||
| Low Polyphenol OO (n = 50) | 27.7 (1.5) | 35.1 (1.9) | 7.4 (4.0 to 10.8) | 0.707 |
| High Polyphenol OO (n = 50) | 28.8 (1.5) | 35.3 (1.9) | 6.5 (3.1 to 9.9) | |
| p-value (Treatment effect) | 0.620 | 0.953 | ||
| MUFA intake (g/day) | ||||
| Low Polyphenol OO (n = 50) | 30.6 (1.7) | 67.3 (1.9) | 36.8 (33.2 to 40.3) | 0.514 |
| High Polyphenol OO (n = 50) | 31.8 (1.7) | 67.0 (1.9) | 35.1 (31.6 to 38.6) | |
| p-value (Treatment effect) | 0.605 | 0.877 | ||
| PUFA intake (g/day) | ||||
| Low Polyphenol OO (n = 50) | 14.6 (1.0) | 17.7 (1.0) | 3.1 (1.0 to 5.1) | 0.971 |
| High Polyphenol OO (n = 50) | 15.7 (1.0) | 18.7 (1.0) | 3.0 (1.0 to 5.1) | |
| p-value (Treatment effect) | 0.483 | 0.469 | ||
| Fibre intake (g/day) | ||||
| Low Polyphenol OO (n = 50) | 29.7 (1.7) | 30.7 (1.8) | 0.9 (−3.1 to 4.9) | 0.314 |
| High Polyphenol OO (n = 50) | 29.6 (1.7) | 33.5 (1.8) | 3.8 (−0.2 to 7.8) | |
| p-value (Treatment effect) | 0.963 | 0.268 | ||
| Sodium intake (mg/day) | ||||
| Low Polyphenol OO (n = 50) | 2611.1 (269.5) | 2287.1 (168.9) | −324.0 (−878.2 to 230.3) | 0.994 |
| High Polyphenol OO (n = 50) | 3096.7 (269.5) | 2775.5 (168.9) | −321.2 (−875.5 to 233.1) | |
| p-value (Treatment effect) | 0.206 | 0.044 | ||
| Potassium intake (mg/day) | ||||
| Low Polyphenol OO (n = 50) | 3486,7 (227.0) | 3389.3 (170.5) | −97.3 (−631.1 to 436.4) | 0.488 |
| High Polyphenol OO (n = 50) | 3334.4 (227.0) | 3501.9 (170.5) | 167.5 (−366.2 to 701.3) | |
| p-value (Treatment effect) | 0.636 | 0.642 | ||
| Magnesium intake (mg/day) | ||||
| Low Polyphenol OO (n = 50) | 574.2 (92.9) | 446.0 (18.9) | −128.2 (−308.4 to 52.0) | 0.271 |
| High Polyphenol OO (n = 50) | 433.6 (92.9) | 447.6 (18.9) | 14.0 (−166.2 to 194.2) | |
| p-value (Treatment effect) | 0.287 | 0.953 | ||
| Calcium intake (mg/day) | ||||
| Low Polyphenol OO (n = 50) | 1005.0 (92.3) | 1056.2 (95.6) | 51.1 (−205.1 to 307.3) | 0.916 |
| High Polyphenol OO (n = 50) | 977.3 (92.3) | 1009.2 (95.6) | 31.9 (−224.3 to 288.1) | |
| p-value (Treatment effect) | 0.832 | 0.729 | ||
| Caffeine intake (mg/day) | ||||
| Low Polyphenol OO (n = 46) | 199.4 (54.1) | 182.0 (35.6) | −17.4 (−122.3 to 87.6) | 0.612 |
| High Polyphenol OO (n = 43) | 242.8 (56.0) | 186.7 (36.8) | −56.1 (−164.6 to 52.5) | |
| p-value (Treatment effect) | 0.578 | 0.926 |
All statistical analyses were adjusted for gender and age. Results in bold indicate statistical significance (p < 0.05). OO, olive oil; SFA, saturated fatty acids; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids; SEM, standard error of the mean; CI, confidence interval.