Table 6.
Multivariate-adjusted ORs and 95% CIs for the risk of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes combined by genetic risk scores according to sugared coffee consumption.
| Genetic Risk Scores 1 | Non-Sugared-Coffee Consumers 2 | Sugared-Coffee Consumers | p for Interaction | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <1 Cup/Day | 1 to <2 Cups/Day | ≥2 Cups/Day | |||
| 0 point | 0.608 | ||||
| Case/total | 521/698 | 397/544 | 442/571 | 397/552 | |
| ORs (95% CIs) 3 | Reference | 0.79 (0.61, 1.04) | 1.11 (0.85, 1.46) | 0.74 (0.56, 0.97) | |
| 0.1 to <5 points | |||||
| Case/total | 139/196 | 121/162 | 151/196 | 142/213 | |
| ORs (95% CIs) 3 | Reference | 1.02 (0.62, 1.67) | 1.28 (0.79, 2.07) | 0.71 (0.45, 1.12) | |
| 5 to 10 points | |||||
| Case/total | 174/245 | 126/186 | 156/219 | 182/272 | |
| ORs (95% CIs) 3 | Reference | 0.79 (0.51, 1.22) | 1.03 (0.68, 1.57) | 0.74 (0.49, 1.12) | |
Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval. 1 Genetic risk scores were calculated by 5 SNPs related to coffee consumption weighted by relative effect size (β coefficient); 2 for sugared-coffee consumers, non-coffee consumers and black-coffee consumers combined were regarded as reference group; 3 the ORs (95% CIs) were adjusted for age (years, continuous), sex (for men and women combined), body mass index (BMI, <23, 23 to <25, 25 to <30 and ≥30 kg/m2), smoking status (never smokers, ≤10, 10.1 to ≤20, 20.1 to ≤30 and >30 pack-years), alcohol consumption (non-drinkers, ≤5, 5.1 to ≤10, 10.1 to ≤20 and >20 g/day), family history of type 2 diabetes (yes or no), and total energy intake (kcal/day, continuous).