Table 2.
Associations between exclusive breastfeeding and cognitive scores at five years.
| GDMS Scale | Analysis | Total Population B (95% C.I.) | Girls B (95% C.I.) | Boys B (95% C.I.) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Locomotor | Univariate | 0.3 (−3.6, 4.3) | 1.5 (−3.9, 6.9) | −0.6 (−6.6, 5.7) |
| Adjusted * | 1.2 (−4.0, 6.5) | 3.5 (−3.6, 10,6) | −1.9 (−11.0, 7.2) | |
| Personal−social | Univariate | 0.2 (−4.7, 5.1) | 3.1 (−3.1, 9.5) | −2.3 (−10.1, 5.5) |
| Adjusted * | 2.9 (−3.5, 9.3) | 6.2 (−2.1, 14.7) | −2.1 (−12.7, 8.5) | |
| Hearing-language | Univariate | 4.3 (−0.9, 9.6) | 10.5 (2.4, 18.7) ** | −0.47 (−7.7, 6.8) |
| Adjusted * | 4.3 (−2.4, 11.0) | 11.0 (0.9, 21.2) ** | −3.0 (−12.1, 6.1) | |
| Eye-hand coordination | Univariate | −2.7 (−8.2, 2.3) | 1.9 (−7.0, 10.9) | −6.0 (−13.0, 1.0) |
| Adjusted * | −2.7 (−9.7, 4.3) | 0.8 (−11.5, 13.2) | −6.2 (−16.4, 3.9) | |
| Performance | Univariate | −1.3 (−5.1, 2.5) | −2.2 (−7.9, 3.4) | −0.1 (−5.6, 5.5) |
| Adjusted * | −0.8 (−5.8, 4.1) | −2.7 (−10.5, 5.1) | 0.7 (−7.4, 8.9) | |
| Practical reasoning | Univariate | −1.6 (−6.6, 3,4) | 0.8 (−8.2, 9.8) | −3.4 (−9.5, 2.7) |
| Adjusted * | 1.0 (−5.0, 7.0) | 4.2 (−6.9, 15.2) | −4.0 (−11.0, 2.9) |
GDMS = Griffiths Mental Development Scales; * Adjustment was made for maternal IQ, parents’ age, maternal pregravidic BMI, infants’ weight gain between 3 and 6 months and sex for the total population; ** p < 0.05.