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. 2020 Aug 4;11(8):500. doi: 10.3390/insects11080500

Table 1.

Antimicrobial activity of stingless bee honey against five different bacteria and pH value.

Stingless Bee Honey Samples of Different Species & Concentration Inhibition Zone Measurement Against Different Bacteria (mm)
pH S. aureus A. faecalis S. marcescens B. subtilis E. coli
H. fimbriata 2.64 ± 0.17
50% 28 ± 0.58 21 ± 1.00 18 ± 1.00 9 ± 3.72 12 ± 0.58
25% 19 ± 0.58 15 ± 0.58 12 ± 0.58 0 ± 2.40 11 ± 0.00
12.5% 16 ± 0.58 0 ± 0.00 11 ± 0.00 0 ± 8.59 9 ± 0.58
T. melanoleuca 2.89 ± 0.20
50% 22 ± 0.58 21 ± 1.00 14 ± 0.58 9 ± 0.82 9 ± 1.00
25% 18 ± 0.58 0 ± 0.00 11 ± 1.53 11 ± 9.88 0 ± 0.00
12.5% 0 ± 0.00 0 ± 0.00 10 ± 1.53 0 ± 0.00 0 ± 0.00
H. itama 2.57 ± 0.19
50% 13 ± 0.00 0 ± 0.00 0 ± 0.00 12 ± 0.00 0 ± 0.00
25% 11 ± 0.58 0 ± 0.00 0 ± 0.00 0 ± 0.00 0 ± 0.00
12.5% 10 ± 0.00 0 ± 0.00 0 ± 0.00 0 ± 0.00 0 ± 0.00
T. apicalis 2.20 ± 0.21
50% 13 ± 0.58 0 ± 0.00 0 ± 0.00 12 ± 0.00 0 ± 0.00
25% 9 ± 1.53 0 ± 0.00 0 ± 0.00 0 ± 0.00 0 ± 0.00
12.5% 8 ± 0.58 0 ± 0.00 0 ± 0.00 0 ± 0.00 0 ± 0.00
L. terminata 2.36 ± 0.20
50% 11 ± 0.58 0 ± 0.00 0 ± 0.00 12 ± 1.53 0 ± 0.00
25% 10 ± 0.58 0 ± 0.00 0 ± 0.00 9 ± 0.58 0 ± 0.00
12.5% 0 ± 0.00 0 ± 0.00 0 ± 0.00 0 ± 0.00 0 ± 0.00
G. thoracica 1.95 ± 0.13
50% 11 ± 1.00 0 ± 0.00 0 ± 0.00 0 ± 0.00 0 ± 0.00
25% 9 ± 1.53 0 ± 0.00 0 ± 0.00 0 ± 0.00 0 ± 0.00
12.5% 0 ± 0.00 0 ± 0.00 0 ± 0.00 0 ± 0.00 0 ± 0.00
T. binghami 2.19 ± 0.19
50% 10 ± 0.00 0 ± 0.00 0 ± 0.00 0 ± 0.00 0 ± 0.00
25% 0 ± 0.00 0 ± 0.00 0 ± 0.00 0 ± 0.00 0 ± 0.00
12.5% 0 ± 0.00 0 ± 0.00 0 ± 0.00 0 ± 0.00 0 ± 0.00
H. erythrogastra 1.82 ± 0.l2
50% 0 ± 0.00 0 ± 0.00 0 ± 0.00 9 ± 1.00 0 ± 0.00
25% 0 ± 0.00 0 ± 0.00 0 ± 0.00 0 ± 0.00 0 ± 0.00
12.5% 0 ± 0.00 0 ± 0.00 0 ± 0.00 0 ± 0.00 0 ± 0.00