Table 1.
Antimicrobial activity of stingless bee honey against five different bacteria and pH value.
Stingless Bee Honey Samples of Different Species & Concentration | Inhibition Zone Measurement Against Different Bacteria (mm) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
pH | S. aureus | A. faecalis | S. marcescens | B. subtilis | E. coli | |
H. fimbriata | 2.64 ± 0.17 | |||||
50% | 28 ± 0.58 | 21 ± 1.00 | 18 ± 1.00 | 9 ± 3.72 | 12 ± 0.58 | |
25% | 19 ± 0.58 | 15 ± 0.58 | 12 ± 0.58 | 0 ± 2.40 | 11 ± 0.00 | |
12.5% | 16 ± 0.58 | 0 ± 0.00 | 11 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 8.59 | 9 ± 0.58 | |
T. melanoleuca | 2.89 ± 0.20 | |||||
50% | 22 ± 0.58 | 21 ± 1.00 | 14 ± 0.58 | 9 ± 0.82 | 9 ± 1.00 | |
25% | 18 ± 0.58 | 0 ± 0.00 | 11 ± 1.53 | 11 ± 9.88 | 0 ± 0.00 | |
12.5% | 0 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | 10 ± 1.53 | 0 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | |
H. itama | 2.57 ± 0.19 | |||||
50% | 13 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | 12 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | |
25% | 11 ± 0.58 | 0 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | |
12.5% | 10 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | |
T. apicalis | 2.20 ± 0.21 | |||||
50% | 13 ± 0.58 | 0 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | 12 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | |
25% | 9 ± 1.53 | 0 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | |
12.5% | 8 ± 0.58 | 0 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | |
L. terminata | 2.36 ± 0.20 | |||||
50% | 11 ± 0.58 | 0 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | 12 ± 1.53 | 0 ± 0.00 | |
25% | 10 ± 0.58 | 0 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | 9 ± 0.58 | 0 ± 0.00 | |
12.5% | 0 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | |
G. thoracica | 1.95 ± 0.13 | |||||
50% | 11 ± 1.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | |
25% | 9 ± 1.53 | 0 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | |
12.5% | 0 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | |
T. binghami | 2.19 ± 0.19 | |||||
50% | 10 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | |
25% | 0 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | |
12.5% | 0 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | |
H. erythrogastra | 1.82 ± 0.l2 | |||||
50% | 0 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | 9 ± 1.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | |
25% | 0 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | |
12.5% | 0 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 |