Figure 6.

Immunosuppressive activities of eight PLA₂ inhibitors against nodule formation of S. exigua against bacterial infection. The eight compounds are bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (BEP), o-cyanobenzoic acid (CBA), dibutylamine (DBA), dioctyl terephthalate (DOTP), docosane (DS), 2-ethyl-1-hexanol (EH), 3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenol (EMP), and phthalimide (PM). (A) Dose effects of the inhibitors on suppressing nodulation. (B) Rescue effects of arachidonic acid (AA’, 10 µg/larva) on the phagocytosis suppressed by the inhibitors. Control used dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for solvent control. Each treatment was replicated three times with independent insect samples. Asterisks above standard deviation bars indicate significant differences between treatments at Type I error = 0.05 (LSD test).