Table 1.
Participant summary characteristics comparisons for CKD stages 1–2 and CKD stages 3–5
| Participant characteristic scr | All (n = 1860) | CKD stages 1–2 (n = 1713) | CKD stages 3–5 (n = 147) | P Value |
| Mean age (years, SD) | 62.0 ± 8.5 | 61.3 ± 8.1 | 70.5 ± 9.0 | < 0.01 |
| Female, n (%) | 994 (53.4) | 930 (54.3) | 64 (43.5) | 0.01 |
| Education, primary level and below, n (%) | 238 (12.8) | 210 (12.6) | 28 (19.0) | 0.02 |
| Diabetes, yes n (%) | 429 (23.1) | 380 (22.2) | 49 (33.3) | < 0.01 |
| Mean BMI (kg/m2, SD) | 28.6 ± 5.0 | 28.5 ± 5.0 | 29.2 ± 4.4 | 0.12 |
| Mean systolic blood pressure (mmHg, SD) | 131.1 ± 18 | 131 ± 18 | 133 ± 19 | 0.27 |
| Antihypertension medication, yes n (%) | 506 (27.2) | 438 (25.6) | 68 (46.3) | < 0.01 |
| Mean triglyceride (mmol/L, SD) | 1.7 ± 1.0 | 1.6 ± 1.0 | 1.8 ± 0.8 | 0.11 |
| Mean HDL cholesterol (mmol/L, SD) | 1.6 ± 0.5 | 1.6 ± 0.4 | 1.5 ± 0.5 | < 0.01 |
| Mean LDL cholesterol (mmol/L, SD) | 3.5 ± 1.1 | 3.5 ± 1.1 | 3.1 ± 1.2 | < 0.01 |
| Cardiovascular disease, yes n (%) | 143 (7.7) | 111 (6.5) | 32 (21.8) | < 0.01 |
| Mean eGFR Creatinine (mL/min/1.73m2, SD) | 82.2 ± 14.9 | 85.0 ± 11.7 | 49.6 ± 7.8 | < 0.01 |
| Participant characteristic cys | All (n = 1860) | CKD stages 1–2 (n = 1362) | CKD stages 3–5 (n = 498) | P Value |
| Mean age (years, SD) | 62.0 ± 8.5 | 59.8 ± 7.4 | 68.2 ± 8.3 | < 0.01 |
| Female, n (%) | 994 (53.4) | 739 (54.3) | 255 (51.2) | 0.24 |
| Education, primary level and below, n (%) | 238 (12.8) | 138 (10.1) | 100 (20.1) | < 0.01 |
| Diabetes, yes n (%) | 429 (23.1) | 271 (19.9) | 158 (31.7) | < 0.01 |
| Mean BMI (kg/m2, SD) | 28.6 ± 5.0 | 28.0 ± 4.5 | 30.3 ± 5.6 | < 0.01 |
| Mean systolic blood pressure (mmHg, SD) | 131.1 ± 18 | 130 ± 19 | 133 ± 18 | < 0.01 |
| Antihypertension medication, yes n (%) | 506 (27.2) | 297 (21.8) | 209 (42.0) | < 0.01 |
| Mean triglyceride (mmol/L, SD) | 1.7 ± 1.0 | 1.6 ± 0.9 | 1.8 ± 1.0 | < 0.01 |
| Mean HDL cholesterol (mmol/L, SD) | 1.6 ± 0.5 | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 1.6 ± 0.4 | < 0.01 |
| Mean LDL cholesterol (mmol/L, SD) | 3.5 ± 1.1 | 3.5 ± 1.1 | 3.2 ± 1.2 | < 0.01 |
| Cardiovascular disease, yes n (%) | 143 (7.7) | 73 (5.4) | 70 (14.1) | < 0.01 |
| Mean eGFR Cystatin C (mL/min/1.73m2, SD) | 70.7 ± 18.6 | 78.6 ± 14.7 | 49.1 ± 8.0 | < 0.01 |
Values are n (%) for categorical variables and mean ± SD for continuous variables. P values were calculated by independent sample t and chi squared tests. Abbreviations: CKD Chronic Kidney Disease, BMI Body Mass Index, eGFR Estimated glomerular filtration rate (calculated using the CKD-EPI equation), HDL High-density Lipoprotein, LDL Low-density Lipoprotein, scr Serum Creatinine, cys Serum Cystatin C, SD Standard deviation