Table 2.
Men | Women | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Odds ratio (95% CI) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | |||||
n cases/controls | Crude | Adjusted | n cases/controls | Crude | Adjusted | |
Nested case-control study EPIC (1-SD)† | ||||||
log-UCB | 658/658 | 1.13 (1.00–1.28) | 1.19 (1.04–1.36) | 728/728 | 0.86 (0.77–0.97) | 0.86 (0.76–0.97) |
P | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | ||
MR approach for total bilirubin (1-SD)* | ||||||
rs6431625 Wald estimate§ | 28,270/22,204 | 1.07 (1.02–1.12) | 24,568/23,736 | 1.01 (0.96–1.06) | ||
P | 0.006 | 0.73 | ||||
114 SNPs likelihood-based MR estimate§ | 28,270/22,204 | 0.89 (0.80–1.00) | 24,568/23,736 | 1.00 (0.89–1.11) | ||
P | 0.05 | 0.96 |
Abbreviations: n number, P P value, CI confidence interval, log-UCB log-transformed unconjugated bilirubin
†EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition): Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between log-transformed UCB levels (log-UCB), standardized per one standard deviation (1-SD) increments, and CRC risk. The crude model was conditioned on the matching factors including study center, age at blood collection (1 year), fasting status and time (3 h intervals) at blood collection, among women, additionally by menopausal status (pre-, peri-, and post-menopausal or surgically menopausal), and hormone therapy (HT) (yes, no). The multivariable model was adjusted for level of education (none/primary school, technical/professional, secondary school, university degree), BMI, height, smoking status (never, former, current smoker), physical activity (inactive, moderately inactive, moderately active, active), alcohol consumption (g/day), dietary intakes of fiber (g/day), red meat (g/day), processed meats (g/day), dairy products (g/day), and total energy intake (kcal/day)
*MR approach: Mendelian randomization approach; data from the Colon Cancer Familiar Registry (CCFR), the Colorectal Transdisciplinary (CORECT) study, and the Genetics and Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer Consortium (GECCO)
§Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval for colorectal cancer per 1-SD increment in bilirubin levels estimated through a likelihood-based MR approach