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. 2020 Sep 3;11:378. doi: 10.1186/s13287-020-01894-2

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Measurement of TGF-β1 in genetically modified MSCs. a Green fluorescent protein was expressed in lentivirus-infected MSCs. Light microscopy (top) and fluorescence microscopy (bottom) images. Scale bar = 100 μm. b Quantitative analysis of lentivirus transduction. c TGF-β1 mRNA expression in MSCs, MSC-NC, and MSC-TGF-β1. d The expression of TGF-β1 in 2 × 10⁶ MSCs, MSC-NC, or MSC-TGF-β1 in 200 mL of culture supernatant, as measured by ELISA (n = 3; ^&p < 0.05 vs. MSC-NC). The means ± SD of three experiments is shown. ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; MSCs, mesenchymal stem cells; MSC-NC, mesenchymal stem cell carrying GFP; MSC-TGF-β1, TGF-β1 overexpressing MSC