Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of the subject in the probiotic and placebo groups N = 68
| Characteristics | Probiotic (n = 34) N (%) |
Placebo (n = 34) N (%) |
x2 or Z or t | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) (mean ± SD) | 23.4 ± 2.9 | 23.6 ± 3.4 | − 0.230a | .817 | |
| Gender | Male | 24 (70.6) | 19 (55.9) | 1.580 | .209 |
| Female | 10 (29.4) | 15 (44.1) | |||
| Drinking | 24 (70.6) | 23 (67.6) | 0.066 | .793 | |
| Smoking | 3 (8.8) | 6 (17.6) | 1.150a | .476 | |
| Brushing/day | None | 1 (2.9) | 0 (0.0) | 3.190a | .530 |
| Once | 1 (2.9) | 3 (8.8) | |||
| Two times | 13 (38.2) | 10 (29.4) | |||
| Three times | 10 (29.4) | 14 (41.2) | |||
| Four or more | 9 (26.5) | 7 (20.6) | |||
aFisher’s exact test