Table 1.
Studies Included in Meta-Analyses
| 1st Author (Journal) | Study Period | Country | Study design | Sample size | Mean age, Y (SD) | Hospital setting (unit type) | Tool | Pre- to Post-assessment | Prevalence of HAD | Quality (poor, fair, good) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| McVey (Ann Int Med)4 | 1983–1984 | USA | Randomized controlled trial | 178 (Control, 90) | 81.5 (5.8) | VA hospital (med, surg, psych) | *Katz | Admission – Discharge | 33/90 | good |
| Hirsch (J Am Geron Soc)30 | 1987 | USA | Prospective cohort study | 71 | 84 (NR) | Teaching hospital (med) | *Katz, CNA | 2 week PTA – 1 week PD | 30/49 | fair |
| Murray (J Geron Med Sci)25 | 1987–1989 | USA | Prospective cohort study | 291 (Control, 143) | 80.5 (7.6) | Teaching hospital (med, surg) | *Katz | Admission – 3 month PD | 41/143 | good |
| Inouye (J Am Geron Soc)26 | 1990–1991 | USA | Controlled trial | 216 (Control, 131) | 78.8 (6.2) | Teaching hospital (med) | *Katz | 2 week PTA – Discharge | 44/131 | good |
| Landefeld (New Eng J Med)27 | 1990–1992 | USA | Randomized controlled trial | 651 (Control, 324) | 80.2 (6.8) | Teaching hospital (med) | *Katz | 2 week PTA – Discharge | 64/300 | fair |
| Sager (Arch Int Med)10 | 1990–1992 | USA | Prospective cohort study | 1279 | 79 (6.3) | Teaching hospital (med) | *Katz | 2 week PTA – Discharge | 320/1072 | fair |
| Brown (J Am Geriatr Soc)1 | 1989–1991 | USA | Prospective cohort study | 498 | 78.7 (6.1) | Teaching hospital (med) | *Katz | 2 week PTA – Discharge | 135/474 | good |
| Zaslavsky (J Geron Med Sci)31 | 2009–2011 | Israel | Prospective cohort study | 691 | 78.8 (5.7) | Hospital center (med) | ^Barthel | 2 week PTA – Discharge | 286/691 | fair |
| Sourdet (J Am Med Dir Assoc)42 | 2011–2012 | France | Prospective cohort study | 503 | 84.1 (5.7) | Teaching hospital (med, surg) | Katz | Admission – Discharge | 91/503 | good |
| Chodos (J Gen Intern Med)28 | 2010–2012 | USA | Prospective cohort study | 583 (65+ years, 245) | 66.1 (8.8) | Safety net hospital (med, cardio, neuro) | *Katz | 2 week PTA – Discharge | 82/245 | good |
| Palese (J Ger Nurs)43 | 2012–2013 | Italy | Prospective cohort study | 1464 | 74.4 (1.3) | Hospital center (med) | Barthel | Admission – Discharge | 251/1464 | good |
| Brown (JAMA Intern Med)29 | 2010–2011 | USA | Randomized controlled trial | 100 (Control, 50) | 73.9 (7) | VA hospital (med) | *Katz | 2 week PTA – Discharge | 20/46 | good |
| Fimognari (J geron Med Sci)32 | 2004–2006 | Italy | Prospective cohort study | 675 | 82.6 (8.1) | Hospital center (med) | ^Barthel | 2 week PTA – Discharge | 126/675 | fair |
| Gill (J Am Med Assoc)3 | 1998–2003 | USA | Prospective cohort study | 754 | 78.4 (5.3) | Community | *Katz | a | 417/754 | fair |
| Boyd (J Am Geriatr soc)6 | 1992–1994 | USA | Prospective cohort study | 457 | NR | Community | ^Katz | b | 130/394 | good |
Control = sample size of control group in intervention study; CNA = Care Nursing Assessment;
*
Katz = modified Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living;
^
Barthel = modified Barthel Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living.
a.
Assessed hospitalization in the prior month and compared ADL from before hospitalization to after the hospitalization over the one month period
b.
Assessed hospitalization every 6 months and compared ADL from before hospitalization to after over the course of the 6 months