Fig. 5.

Effects of DMF on NF-κB inflammatory pathway in NTG-induced migraine. The expression of NF-κB and IκB-α was observed by Western blot analysis, in whole brain with the rostral cervical spinal cord samples of mice, 4 h after NTG-injections. We observed that NTG-injections caused a significant NF-κB nuclear translocation, almost completely inhibited by DMF 30 and 100 mg/kg treatment (A); F value = 165.6. Also, DMF treatment, only at the dose of 100 mg/kg, significantly reduced IκB-α cytosolic phosphorylation (B), while in NTG-injected mice the levels of IκB-α cytosolic phosphorylated were significantly increased respect to control groups (B); F value = 166.2. Data are means ± SEM of ten mice for each group. A representative blot of lysates obtained from each group is shown and densitometry analysis of all animals is reported (n = 10 mice from each group). One-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-test. ***p < 0.001 vs. Sham; ##p < 0.01 and ###p < 0.001 vs. NTG. One-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-test. ##p < 0.01 and ###p < 0.01 vs. NTG; °p < 0.05, °°p < 0.01, and °°°p < 0.001 vs. Sham