Figure 1.

LIPUS ameliorates the pain gait patterns of mice with DMM. (A and B) CatWalk footprints were detected before and after DMM surgery. The colored bands represent standing time of each foot and the right panels are footprints of right hind paw reflected by green LED light. (C) Illustration of the protocols of LIPUS treatment and CatWalk gait analysis. (D) Three parameters of LIPUS treatment. Duty Cycle (L) represents the duty cycle of LIPUS. (E) The computational formula of duty cycle for CatWalk gait analysis. “Stand” refers to the time of duration in the contact of a paw and “Swing” refers to the duration without contact of a paw during one step cycle. (F) The duty cycle was recorded and analyzed by CatWalk software (n = 4). RH, right hind; Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test. NS, not significant, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. (G) Representative footprint images were recorded during the treatment of LIPUS. The footprints of the operated right hind limbs are labeled with pink (prints of the right front limb in cyan). The paw prints of the left front limbs are yellow (prints of the left hind limb in green). The space between white short lines represent the swing phase of right hind limbs.