Fig. 17.
Application statistics and design analysis of power losses in implantable UWEH systems. a) Publications on UWEH technologies with applications for wireless power for bio-implantable devices, direct cell/tissue electrical stimulations, wireless recording and communication in nervous systems, ultrasonic modulated drug delivery, self-powered acoustic sensors, and ultrasound-induced piezoelectric catalysis in refereed journals in the time period of 2007–2020. b) Schematic of power losses in an implantable UWEH system. c) Circuit model of an implantable UWEH system (inspired from Ref [89]).