. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Dec 1.

Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Chem Eng. 2020 Aug 18;30:42–52. doi: 10.1016/j.coche.2020.07.002

Table 2:

2 ½ D NVU on a chip

Cell Sources	Key Features and Findings	Media Composition	Shear Stress	Culture Support	Reference
• iPSC derived BECs • Primary human astrocytes and pericytes	• Incorporated hypoxia in differentiation of BECs • Measured transcytosis of angiopep-2 quantum-dots and anti-TfR antibody	EC growth medium	60 – 100 μL hr⁻¹	PET membranes 0.4 μm pore size Coated with collagen IV and fibronectin	[29]
• HUVEC • Human primary astrocytes	• BEC channel separated from ECM compartment by PDMS pillars	EC growth medium	0.089 dyne cm⁻²	2.5 mg mL⁻¹ collagen 1 gel	[23]
• Endothelial cells • Astrocytes • Glioma	• Astrocytes cultured in hydrogel interface with vascular channel • Brain metastasis modeled, both invasion from vasculature to ECM and reverse with growth of glioma in ECM	EC growth medium	0.1 dyne cm⁻²	6 mg mL⁻¹ collagen 1	[26]
• Primary human BECs, astrocytes, and pericytes • Neural stem cell derived neurons	• 2 parallel BEC compartments with parenchyma/CSF compartment • Protein expression in BEC and CSF coupled chips • Metabolites measured and mapped	Growth medium	1 μL min⁻¹	Laminin coated polycarbonate	[28]
• HUVEC • Rat primary astrocytes	• Rectangular channel of ECs in a ring surrounding a disk of cancer cells/astrocytes • Inclusion of tumor cells increased BEC permeability	EC growth medium	1.9 × 10⁻³ dyne cm⁻²	Matrigel or fibronectin coated device	[25]
• Immortalized human BECs • Primary human astrocytes	• Commercial device • Nanoparticle size and shape impacted permeability	EC growth medium	5 μL min⁻¹	Fibronectin coated device	[27]
• HUVEC and immortalized human BECs • Rat primary neurons and astrocytes	• BEC channel adjacent to astrocyte compartment • Astrocyte compartment adjacent to neuronal compartment • Measured functional permeability using glutamate transport and neuronal response	EC growth medium	No shear	Collagen I 7 2.5 mg mL⁻¹, and collagen I coating	[32]
• Immortalized human BECs, pericytes, and astrocytes	• Commercially available plate style device • ECM separating two BEC rectangular channels	EC growth medium	Rocked between + 7° and − 7° over 8 minutes	4 mg mL−1 collagen I	[24]
• iPSC derived neural cultures and BECs • primary human astrocytes and pericytes	• Rectangular EC channel • Permeability of dextran, IgG, albumin, transferrin, and efflux activity • Barrier disruption in response to inflammatory cytokines • RNA-seq differences between BECs with and without shear	EC growth medium or whole blood	0.01 – 5 dyne cm⁻²	PDMS membrane 7 μm pore size coated with laminin, collagen IV, and fibronectin	[14]