. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Dec 1.

Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Chem Eng. 2020 Aug 18;30:42–52. doi: 10.1016/j.coche.2020.07.002

Table 3:

3D Patterned Vasculature

Cell Sources	Key Features and Findings	Media Composition	Shear Stress	Culture Support	Reference
• Rat primary BECs, astrocytes, and pericytes	• Gravity driven flow • Measured BECs response to TNF-α treatment	EC growth medium with 20% FBS	50 – 100 μL hr⁻¹	Collagen I gel 300 – 400 μm diameter vessel	[40]
• Human immortalized BECs • Human primary astrocytes	• Hollow PVDF fibers • Phalloidin stained actin filaments aligned with shear • VEGF, TNF-α, and verapamil increased permeability of tracer	EC growth medium	0, 0.77, 3, 17 dyne cm⁻²	PDVF fibers 0.1 μm pore size	[37]
• Human primary BECs, astrocytes, and pericytes	• Large 500 – 700 μm vessels • Incorporation of astrocytes and pericytes decreased tracer permeability • 3D culture increased ability to respond to excitatory stimuli	EC growth medium	1 dyne cm⁻²	5 mg mL⁻¹ collagen I gel	[41]
• Immortalized human BECs • Primary human astrocytes	• Permeability and TEER measured in vessels • Measured the effect of mechanical deformation of gel on vascular integrity	EC growth medium	0.7 dyne cm⁻²	5 mg mL⁻¹ collagen I, 1 mg mL⁻¹ Matrigel, 2 mg mL⁻¹ hyaluronan	[35]
• hPSC derived BECs	• Determined the role of ECM composition and stiffness in the formation of vessels	EC growth medium	1 dyne cm⁻²	Crosslinked 7 mg mL⁻¹ collagen I gels coated with collagen IV and fibronectin	[38]
• hPSC derived BMECs	• Measured permeability and efflux activity • Recorded cell proliferation • Displayed transient disruption of BECs due to hyperosmolarity	EC growth medium	4 dyne cm⁻²	Crosslinked 7 mg mL⁻¹ collagen I gels coated with collagen IV and fibronectin	[36]
• hPSC derived BMECs • HUVEC	• Permeability was stable over 2 weeks • Permeability decreased with shear stress	EC growth medium	100 μL min⁻¹	Gelatin and microbial transglutaminase coated with collagen IV and fibronectin	[39]